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Type 3 hypersensitivity in COVID-19 vasculitis

2020; Elsevier BV; Volume: 217; Linguagem: Inglês

10.1016/j.clim.2020.108487

1521-7035

Luca Roncati, Giulia Ligabue, Luca Fabbiani, Claudia Malagoli, Graziana Gallo, Beatrice Lusenti, Vincenzo Nasillo, Antonio Manenti, Antonino Maiorana,

Urticaria and Related Conditions

Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) is an ongoing public health emergency and new knowledge about its immunopathogenic mechanisms is deemed necessary in the attempt to reduce the death burden, globally. For the first time in worldwide literature, we provide scientific evidence that in COVID-19 vasculitis a life-threatening escalation from type 2 T-helper immune response (humoral immunity) to type 3 hypersensitivity (immune complex disease) takes place. The subsequent deposition of immune complexes inside the vascular walls is supposed to induce a severe inflammatory state and a cytokine release syndrome, whose interleukin-6 is the key myokine, from the smooth muscle cells of blood vessels.