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Impact of bariatric surgery on subclinical atherosclerosis in patients with morbid obesity

2020; Elsevier BV; Volume: 16; Issue: 10 Linguagem: Inglês

10.1016/j.soard.2020.05.035

1878-7533

Júlia Carmona‐Maurici, Elena Cuello, Enric Sánchez, Antonio Miñarro, Ferrán Rius, Marta Bueno, María Cruz de la Fuente, Jorge Juan Olsina Kissler, Teresa Vinyoles Vidal, Virtudes María, Àngels Betriu, Albert Lecube, Juan Antonio Baena‐Fustegueras, Julia Peinado‐Onsurbe, Eva Pardina,

Cerebrovascular and Carotid Artery Diseases

Background The main cause of death in obese individuals is cardiovascular disease precipitated by atherosclerosis. Endothelial dysfunction and inflammation are considered early events in the development of the disease. Objectives The aim of this study was to identify biomarkers of subclinical atherosclerosis in patients with morbid obesity by comparing clinical, vascular, and biochemical parameters indicative of endothelial dysfunction in patients with and without atheromatous plaque and monitoring changes after bariatric surgery. Settings Multicenter collaboration between Biochemistry and Biomedicine Department in Barcelona University and University Hospital Arnau de Vilanova in Lleida. Methods Plasma samples from 66 patients with morbid obesity were obtained before bariatric surgery and at 6 and 12 months after. Patients were divided into 2 groups based on the presence of atheromatous plaque. We used contrast-enhanced carotid ultrasound, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, Griess, and EndoPAT-2000 methods. Results Patients with plaque showed the worst profile of cardiovascular risk factors. Carotid intima-media thickness and plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 were higher in plaque group (P < .0001). After bariatric surgery, vasa vasorum, oxidized low-density lipoprotein, and plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 decreased (P < .0001 in all cases). Conclusions Obesity promotes atherogenesis, leading to vascular endothelial damage. Bariatric surgery reduces cardiovascular risk and the prognosis is better for patients without plaque. The increase in plasminogen activator inhibitor-1, carotid intima-media thickness, and vasa vasorum proliferation might be the first alterations in the atheromatous process in obesity and could serve as good biomarkers of subclinical atherosclerosis.