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Correlative acoustic time-of-flight spectroscopy and X-ray imaging to investigate gas-induced delamination in lithium-ion pouch cells during thermal runaway

2020; Elsevier BV; Volume: 470; Linguagem: Inglês

10.1016/j.jpowsour.2020.228039

1873-2755

Martin Pham, John J. Darst, Donal P. Finegan, James B. Robinson, Thomas M. M. Heenan, Matthew D. R. Kok, Francesco Iacoviello, Rhodri E. Owen, William Q. Walker, Oxana V. Magdysyuk, Thomas Connolley, Eric Darcy, Gareth Hinds, Dan J. L. Brett, Paul R. Shearing,

Advanced Battery Materials and Technologies

It remains difficult to detect internal mechanical deformation and gas-induced degradation in lithium-ion batteries, especially outside specialized diagnostics laboratories. In this work, we demonstrate that electrochemical acoustic time-of-flight (EA-ToF) spectroscopy can be used as an insightful and field-deployable diagnostic/prognostic technique to sense the onset of failure. A 210 mAh commercial lithium-ion cell undergoing thermal abuse testing is probed with in situ and operando EA-ToF spectroscopy, together with simultaneous fractional thermal runaway calorimetry (FTRC) and synchrotron X-ray imaging. The combination of X-ray imaging and EA-ToF analysis provides new understanding into the through-plane mechanical deformation in lithium-ion batteries through direct visualisation and the acoustic ToF response. Internal structural changes, such as gas-induced delamination, are identified using EA-ToF spectroscopy due to variations in the attenuation and signal peak shifts. This is corroborated using X-ray imaging, demonstrating EA-ToF spectroscopy as a promising technique for detecting onset of battery failure.