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First Report of Leaf Blotch of Aesculus chinensis Caused by Colletotrichum gloeosporioides and Colletotrichum fructicola in China

2020; American Phytopathological Society; Volume: 104; Issue: 11 Linguagem: Inglês

10.1094/pdis-04-20-0841-pdn

1943-7692

Jian-Wei Sun, Yuan‐Zhi Si, De‐Wei Li, Guan‐Qun Jin, Li‐Hua Zhu,

Yeasts and Rust Fungi Studies

HomePlant DiseaseVol. 104, No. 11First Report of Leaf Blotch of Aesculus chinensis Caused by Colletotrichum gloeosporioides and Colletotrichum fructicola in China PreviousNext DISEASE NOTES OPENOpen Access licenseFirst Report of Leaf Blotch of Aesculus chinensis Caused by Colletotrichum gloeosporioides and Colletotrichum fructicola in ChinaJian-Wei Sun, Yuan-Zhi Si, De-Wei Li, Guan-Qun Jin, and Li-Hua ZhuJian-Wei SunCollege of Forestry, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210037, ChinaCo-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210037, ChinaSearch for more papers by this author, Yuan-Zhi SiCollege of Forestry, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210037, ChinaCo-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210037, ChinaSearch for more papers by this author, De-Wei Lihttp://orcid.org/0000-0002-2788-7938Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210037, ChinaThe Connecticut Agricultural Experiment Station Valley Laboratory, Windsor, CT 06095, U.S.A.Search for more papers by this author, Guan-Qun JinCollege of Forestry, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210037, ChinaSearch for more papers by this author, and Li-Hua Zhu†Corresponding author: L.-H. Zhu; E-mail Address: lhzhu@njfu.com.cnhttp://orcid.org/0000-0003-2740-4980College of Forestry, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210037, ChinaSearch for more papers by this authorAffiliationsAuthors and Affiliations Jian-Wei Sun1 2 Yuan-Zhi Si1 2 De-Wei Li2 3 Guan-Qun Jin1 Li-Hua Zhu1 † 1College of Forestry, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210037, China 2Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210037, China 3The Connecticut Agricultural Experiment Station Valley Laboratory, Windsor, CT 06095, U.S.A. Published Online:16 Sep 2020https://doi.org/10.1094/PDIS-04-20-0841-PDNAboutSectionsView articlePDFSupplemental ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack Citations ShareShare onFacebookTwitterLinked InRedditEmailWechat View articleAesculus chinensis Bunge is an important landscaping tree widely planted in China. Since 2019, a foliar disease, with a disease incidence of 100%, occurred on A. chinensis at the campus of Nanjing Forestry University. The brown necrotic lesions with a dark margin and exuding orange spore masses under humid conditions mostly appeared at leaf tips and edges. Small leaf tissues (3 to 4 mm2) from lesion margins were surface sterilized with 75% ethanol for 30 s and 1% NaClO for 90 s, rinsed with sterile dH2O three times, and placed on potato dextrose agar (PDA) at 25°C. Using monosporic isolation, six isolates were obtained, and two representative isolates (QYS2-1 and QYS3-1-2) were used for further study. On PDA, the QYS2-1 colony was white and pale orange toward the center on the reverse side. The conidia were one-celled, straight, hyaline, subcylindrical with rounded ends, and measured 16.6 ± 1.7 × 5.9 ± 0.6 µm (n = 50). Appressoria were one-celled, pale brown, thick-walled, ellipsoidal, and 8.2 ± 0.6 × 5.8 ± 0.5 µm (n = 50). The QYS3-1-2 colony was grayish-green with white edges and dark green on the reverse side, and the conidia and appressoria were almost identical to those of QYS2-1 with sizes of 16.0 ± 1.0 × 5.8 ± 0.3 µm (n = 50) and 7.8 ± 0.6 × 6.1 ± 0.4 µm (n = 50), respectively. The morphological characteristics of QYS2-1 and QYS3-1-2 fitted with the description of the Colletotrichum gloeosporioides complex (Weir et al. 2012). The internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region and the genes encoding glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH), chitin synthase (CHS), and actin (ACT) were independently amplified with primers ITS1/ITS4 (White et al. 1990), GDF/GDR (Silva et al. 2012), CHS-79F/CHS-345R (Carbone and Kohn 1999), and ACT-512F/ACT-783R (Templeton et al. 1992), respectively. The sequences were deposited in GenBank (accession nos. MN901256 and MT113110 to MT113112 for QYS2-1; MN901251 and MT113107 to MT113109 for QYS3-1-2). The results of BLASTn showed that the ITS, ACT, CHS, and GAPDH consensus sequences of QYS2-1 were 100, 99, 99, and 100% identical to those of C. gloeosporioides (JX073027, KF772083, MK514478, and MG561658, respectively). For QYS3-1-2, BLAST analysis with the same loci showed 100, 100, 98, and 99% homology with those of Colletotrichum fructicola (MN295193, MG657349, MH151146, and MH270793, respectively). A maximum likelihood-based phylogenetic analysis performed using MEGA7 with these concatenated sequences placed QYS2-1 and QYS3-1-2 in the clades of C. gloeosporioides sensu stricto (s.s.) and C. fructicola, respectively. The pathogenicity of the two species was verified on leaves inoculated with 5-mm mycelial plugs cut from the edge of 5-day-old cultures on PDA and 10 μl of spore suspension (106 conidia/ml), each performed with 10 seedlings (five for mycelia, and five for conidia). Controls were treated with PDA plugs or sterile dH2O. The inocula were placed at a distance of 2 to 3 cm on the leaves, which were wounded with a sterile needle. Inoculated plants were kept in a greenhouse (relative humidity >80%, 25 ± 2°C). Within 5 days, all the inoculated points showed lesions similar to those observed outdoors, whereas controls were asymptomatic. Recovery rates of QYS2-1 and QYS3-1-2 were 100% for each isolate. This is the first report of C. gloeosporioides s.s. and C. fructicola causing leaf blotch on A. chinensis in China. These data will help develop effective strategies for managing this disease.The author(s) declare no conflict of interest.References:Carbone, I., and Kohn, L. M. 1999. Mycologia 91:553. https://doi.org/10.1080/00275514.1999.12061051 Crossref, ISI, Google ScholarSilva, D. N., et al. 2012. Mycologia 104:396. https://doi.org/10.3852/11-145 Crossref, ISI, Google ScholarTempleton, M. D., et al. 1992. Gene 122:225. https://doi.org/10.1016/0378-1119(92)90055-T Crossref, ISI, Google ScholarWeir, B. S., et al. 2012. Stud. Mycol. 73:115. https://doi.org/10.3114/sim0011 Crossref, ISI, Google ScholarWhite, T. J., et al. 1990. Page 315 in: PCR Protocols: A Guide to Methods and Applications. Academic Press, San Diego, CA. Crossref, Google ScholarThe author(s) declare no conflict of interest.Funding: This research was financially supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China (2017YFD0600104).DetailsFiguresLiterature CitedRelated Vol. 104, No. 11 November 2020SubscribeISSN:0191-2917e-ISSN:1943-7692 DownloadCaptionPlants of Echinacea purpurea affected by Verticillium dahliae (A. Garibaldi et al.). Photo credit: M. L. Gullino. Spinach plant infected with Stemphylium leaf spot (K. A. Spawton et al.). Photo credit: M. T. McGrath. Metrics Article History Issue Date: 30 Oct 2020Published: 16 Sep 2020First Look: 9 Jun 2020Accepted: 3 Jun 2020 Page: 3065 Information© 2020 The American Phytopathological SocietyFundingNational Key Research and Development Program of ChinaGrant/Award Number: 2017YFD0600104KeywordsfungiAesculus chinensisnew diseasecoelomycetesThe author(s) declare no conflict of interest.PDF downloadCited byThree new species of Diaporthe causing leaf blight on Acer palmatum in ChinaYu Wan, Yuan-Zhi Si, De-Wei Li, Min Li, Lin Huang, and Li-Hua Zhu12 August 2022 | Plant Disease, Vol. 0, No. jaFirst Report of Leaf Spot Caused by Colletotrichum fructicola on Dalbergia hupeana in ChinaYang Zhou, Rou Ye, Qin Ying, Yang Zhang, and Linping Zhang7 April 2022 | Plant Disease, Vol. 106, No. 5Diaporthe sapindicola sp. nov. 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