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BIBTEX RIS

An intermittent extreme BL Lac: MWL study of 1ES 2344+514 in an enhanced state

2020; Oxford University Press; Volume: 496; Issue: 3 Linguagem: Inglês

10.1093/mnras/staa1702

1365-2966

MAGIC Collaboration V A Acciari, Stefano Ansoldi, L. A. Antonelli, A. Arbet Engels, A. Babić, B. Banerjee, U. Barres de Almeida, J. A. Barrio, J. Becerra González, W. Bednarek, Lorenzo Bellizzi, E. Bernardini, A. Berti, Jürgen Besenrieder, W. Bhattacharyya, C. Bigongiari, O. Blanch, G. Bonnoli, Ž. Bošnjak, G. Busetto, R. Carosi, Giovanni Ceribella, M. Cerruti, Yating Chai, A. Chilingaryan, S. Cikota, S. M. Colak, U. Colin, E. Colombo, J. L. Contreras, J. Cortina, S. Covino, V. D’Elia, P. Da Vela, F. Dazzi, A. De Angelis, B. De Lotto, M. Delfino, J. Delgado, Davide Depaoli, F. Di Pierro, L. Di Venere, E. Do Souto Espiñeira, D. Dominis Prester, Alice Donini, M. Doro, D. Elsäesser, V. Fallah Ramazanı, Alicia Fattorini, G. Ferrara, Luca Foffano, M. V. Fonseca, L. Font, C. Fruck, Satoshi Fukami, R. J. Garcı́a López, M. Garczarczyk, Sargis Gasparyan, M. Gaug, N. Giglietto, F. Giordano, N. Godinović, Paweł Gliwny, D Green, D. Hadasch, A. Hahn, J. Herrera, John Hoang, Dario Hrupec, Moritz Hütten, Tomohiro Inada, Susumu Inoue, Kazuma Ishio, Y. Iwamura, L. Jouvin, Y. Kajiwara, D. Kerszberg, Yukiho Kobayashi, H. Kubo, J. Kushida, A. Lamastra, A. La Barbera, F. Leone, E. Lindfors, S. Lombardi, F. Longo, Marcos López, R. López-Coto, A. López-Oramas, S. Loporchio, B. Machado de Oliveira Fraga, C. Maggio, P. Majumdar, M. Makariev, M. Mallamaci, G. Maneva, M. Manganaro, L. Maraschi, M. Mariotti, M. Martı́nez, D. Mazin, S. Mender, S. Mičanović, Davide Miceli, Tjark Miener, M. Minev, J. M. Miranda, R. Mirzoyan, E. Molina, A. Moralejo, Daniel Morcuende, V. Moreno, E. Moretti, P. Munar-Adrover, V. Neustroev, Cosimo Nigro, K. Nilsson, D. Ninci, K. Nishijima, K. Noda, L. Nogués, S. Nozaki, Yoshiki Ohtani, Tomohiko Oka, Jorge Otero-Santos, S. Paiano, M. Palatiello, D. Paneque, R. Paoletti, J. M. Paredes, Lovro Pavletić, Pablo Peñil, M. Peresano, M. Persic, P. G. Prada Moroni, E. Prandini, I. Puljak, M. Ribó, J. Rico, Chiara Righi, A. Rugliancich, L. Saha, N. Sahakyan, T. Saito, S. Sakurai, K. Satalecka, Bernd Schleicher, K. Schmidt, T. Schweizer, J. Sitarek, I. Šnidarić, D. Sobczyńska, Alessia Spolon, A. Stamerra, D. Strom, M. Strzys, Y. Suda, T. Surić, Mitsunari Takahashi, F. Tavecchio, P. Temnikov, T. Terzić, M. Teshima, N. Torres-Albà, Luca Tosti, Juliane van Scherpenberg, G. Vanzo, M. Vázquez Acosta, Sofia Ventura, V. Verguilov, C. Vigorito, V. Vitale, Ievgen Vovk, Martin Will, Darko Zarić, FACT Collaboration D Baack, Matteo Balbo, Mattias Beck, Noah Biederbeck, A. Biland, Michael Blank, T. Bretz, Kai Bruegge, Michael Bulinski, Jan Heye Buß, Manuel Doerr, D. Dorner, D. Hildebrand, Roman Iotov, Marc Klinger, K. Mannheim, S. Mueller, Dominik Neise, A. Neronov, M. Nöthe, Aleksander Paravac, W. Rhode, Bernd Schleicher, K. Sedlaczek, A. Shukla, Vitalii Sliusar, L. Tani, Fabian Theissen, R. Walter, MWL Collaborators J Acosta Pulido, A. V. Filippenko, T. Hovatta, S. Kiehlmann, V. M. Larionov, W. Max-Moerbeck, C. M. Raiteri, A. C. S. Readhead, Marko Šegon, M. Villata, WeiKang Zheng,

Astrophysical Phenomena and Observations

Extreme High-frequency BL~Lacs (EHBL) feature their synchrotron peak of the broadband spectral energy distribution (SED) at $\nu_{\rm s} \geq $10$^{17}$\,Hz. The BL~Lac object 1ES~2344+514 was included in the EHBL family because of its impressive shift of the synchrotron peak in 1996. During the following years, the source appeared to be in a low state without showing any extreme behaviours. In August 2016, 1ES~2344+514 was detected with the ground-based $\gamma$-ray telescope FACT during a high $\gamma$-ray state, triggering multi-wavelength (MWL) observations. We studied the MWL light curves of 1ES~2344+514 during the 2016 flaring state, using data from radio to VHE $\gamma$ rays taken with OVRO, KAIT, KVA, NOT, some telescopes of the GASP-WEBT collaboration at the Teide, Crimean, and St. Petersburg observatories, \textit{Swift}-UVOT, \textit{Swift}-XRT, \textit{Fermi}-LAT, FACT and MAGIC. With simultaneous observations of the flare, we built the broadband SED and studied it in the framework of a leptonic and an hadronic model. The VHE $\gamma$-ray observations show a flux level of 55\% of the Crab Nebula flux above 300\,GeV, similar to the historical maximum of 1995. The combination of MAGIC and \textit{Fermi}-LAT spectra provides an unprecedented characterization of the inverse-Compton peak for this object during a flaring episode. The $\Gamma$ index of the intrinsic spectrum in the VHE $\gamma$-ray band is $2.04\pm0.12_{\rm stat}\pm0.15_{\rm sys}$. We find the source in an extreme state with a shift of the position of the synchrotron peak to frequencies above or equal to $10^{18}$\,Hz