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White and Amber Light at Night Disrupt Sleep Physiology in Birds

2020; Elsevier BV; Volume: 30; Issue: 18 Linguagem: Inglês

10.1016/j.cub.2020.06.085

1879-0445

Anne E. Aulsebrook, Farley Connelly, Robin D. Johnsson, Théresa M. Jones, Raoul A. Mulder, Michelle L. Hall, Alexei L. Vyssotski, John A. Lesku,

Marine animal studies overview

Artificial light at night can disrupt sleep in humans [1Cho C.H. Lee H.J. Yoon H.K. Kang S.G. Bok K.N. Jung K.Y. Kim L. Lee E.I. Exposure to dim artificial light at night increases REM sleep and awakenings in humans.Chronobiol. Int. 2016; 33: 117-123Crossref PubMed Scopus (36) Google Scholar, 2Chang A.-M. Aeschbach D. Duffy J.F. Czeisler C.A. Evening use of light-emitting eReaders negatively affects sleep, circadian timing, and next-morning alertness.Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA. 2015; 112: 1232-1237Crossref PubMed Scopus (483) Google Scholar, 3Cho J.R. Joo E.Y. Koo D.L. Hong S.B. Let there be no light: the effect of bedside light on sleep quality and background electroencephalographic rhythms.Sleep Med. 2013; 14: 1422-1425Crossref PubMed Scopus (56) Google Scholar, 4Wams E.J. Woelders T. Marring I. van Rosmalen L. Beersma D.G.M. Gordijn M.C.M. Hut R.A. Linking light exposure and subsequent sleep: a field polysomnography study in humans.Sleep (Basel). 2017; 40: zsx165Google Scholar] and other animals [5Aulsebrook A.E. Lesku J.A. Mulder R.A. Goymann W. Vyssotski A.L. Jones T.M. Streetlights disrupt night-time sleep in urban black swans.Front. Ecol. Evol. 2020; 8: 131Crossref Scopus (4) Google Scholar, 6Raap T. Pinxten R. Eens M. Light pollution disrupts sleep in free-living animals.Sci. Rep. 2015; 5: 13557Crossref PubMed Scopus (102) Google Scholar, 7Ouyang J.Q. de Jong M. van Grunsven R.H.A. Matson K.D. Haussmann M.F. Meerlo P. Visser M.E. Spoelstra K. Restless roosts: light pollution affects behavior, sleep, and physiology in a free-living songbird.Glob. Change Biol. 2017; 23: 4987-4994Crossref PubMed Scopus (58) Google Scholar, 8Raap T. Pinxten R. Eens M. Artificial light at night disrupts sleep in female great tits (Parus major) during the nestling period, and is followed by a sleep rebound.Environ. Pollut. 2016; 215: 125-134Crossref PubMed Scopus (55) Google Scholar, 9Ulgezen Z.N. Käpylä T. Meerlo P. Spoelstra K. Visser M.E. Dominoni D.M. The preference and costs of sleeping under light at night in forest and urban great tits.Proc. Biol. Sci. 2019; 286: 20190872PubMed Google Scholar, 10Rattenborg N.C. Obermeyer W.H. Vacha E. Benca R.M. Acute effects of light and darkness on sleep in the pigeon (Columba livia).Physiol. Behav. 2005; 84: 635-640Crossref PubMed Scopus (21) Google Scholar]. A key mechanism for light to affect sleep is via non-visual photoreceptors that are most sensitive to short-wavelength (blue) light [11Pilorz V. Tam S.K.E. Hughes S. Pothecary C.A. Jagannath A. Hankins M.W. Bannerman D.M. Lightman S.L. Vyazovskiy V.V. Nolan P.M. et al.Melanopsin regulates both sleep-promoting and arousal-promoting responses to light.PLoS Biol. 2016; 14: e1002482Crossref PubMed Scopus (78) Google Scholar]. To minimize effects of artificial light on sleep, many electronic devices shift from white (blue-rich) to amber (blue-reduced) light in the evening. Switching outdoor lighting from white to amber might also benefit wildlife [12Longcore T. Rodríguez A. Witherington B. Penniman J.F. Herf L. Herf M. Rapid assessment of lamp spectrum to quantify ecological effects of light at night.J. Exp. Zool. A Ecol. Integr. Physiol. 2018; 329: 511-521PubMed Google Scholar]. However, whether these two colors of light affect sleep similarly in different animals remains poorly understood. Here we show, by measuring brain activity, that both white and amber lighting disrupt sleep in birds but that the magnitude of these effects differs between species. When experimentally exposed to light at night at intensities typical of urban areas, domestic pigeons (Columba livia) and wild-caught Australian magpies (Cracticus tibicen tyrannica) slept less, favored non-rapid eye movement (NREM) sleep over REM sleep, slept less intensely, and had more fragmented sleep compared to when lights were switched off. In pigeons, these disruptive effects on sleep were similar for white and amber lighting. For magpies, however, amber light had less impact on sleep. Our results demonstrate that amber lighting can minimize sleep disruption in some birds but that this benefit may not be universal.Video AbstracteyJraWQiOiI4ZjUxYWNhY2IzYjhiNjNlNzFlYmIzYWFmYTU5NmZmYyIsImFsZyI6IlJTMjU2In0.eyJzdWIiOiIxZTBjMzgzNWY0NTZlNWExMDBkY2NkODFkOWE5ZjJlYiIsImtpZCI6IjhmNTFhY2FjYjNiOGI2M2U3MWViYjNhYWZhNTk2ZmZjIiwiZXhwIjoxNjMyNDE1MDQzfQ.QtjNU-wa99EHHFyZXC33qEUZxJH3XGXY50tjt6evJRaKjuiKp8N6anHkTFDwASceySYyLpIFZxMU64geCZNhGSLlZ35ParlTzGgD9khnM_y7PqrnbV09NWpLylXdaI_wuf1xLxlDoQDz4p-YSn0D86mQZTJBlTHsgd3ekxiVjf-DpjQ-67aOOQTaJOHXaO7h6c6aZtDpVw-YmoIl9o8uaM3BQdkiAGc90DxYIwsYNAjmUazkroXifpa3h3r4cwnlG2S2VnBqczMJD54m6ulAjg6u8wNcQLwS-1tFi9P7doTmZexR4NJupml7UOK3Q_-LHEchIOb8WC17UMDGLX9deA(mp4, (40.02 MB) Download video