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Risk for COVID-19 infection and death among Latinos in the United States: examining heterogeneity in transmission dynamics

2020; Elsevier BV; Volume: 52; Linguagem: Inglês

10.1016/j.annepidem.2020.07.007

1873-2585

Carlos E. Rodríguez-Díaz, Vincent Guilamo‐Ramos, Leandro Mena, Eric W. Hall, Brian Honermann, Jeffrey S. Crowley, Stefan Baral, Guillermo Prado, Melissa Marzán‐Rodríguez, Chris Beyrer, Patrick S. Sullivan, Gregorio A. Millett,

Health disparities and outcomes

The purpose of this study was to ascertain COVID-19 transmission dynamics among Latino communities nationally. We compared predictors of COVID-19 cases and deaths between disproportionally Latino counties (≥17.8% Latino population) and all other counties through May 11, 2020. Adjusted rate ratios (aRRs) were estimated using COVID-19 cases and deaths via zero-inflated binomial regression models. COVID-19 diagnoses rates were greater in Latino counties nationally (90.9 vs. 82.0 per 100,000). In multivariable analysis, COVID-19 cases were greater in Northeastern and Midwestern Latino counties (aRR: 1.42, 95% CI: 1.11–1.84, and aRR: 1.70, 95% CI: 1.57–1.85, respectively). COVID-19 deaths were greater in Midwestern Latino counties (aRR: 1.17, 95% CI: 1.04–1.34). COVID-19 diagnoses were associated with counties with greater monolingual Spanish speakers, employment rates, heart disease deaths, less social distancing, and days since the first reported case. COVID-19 deaths were associated with household occupancy density, air pollution, employment, days since the first reported case, and age (fewer <35 yo). COVID-19 risks and deaths among Latino populations differ by region. Structural factors place Latino populations and particularly monolingual Spanish speakers at elevated risk for COVID-19 acquisition.