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Scientific Opinion on the minimum hygiene criteria to be applied to clean seawater and on the public health risks and hygiene criteria for bottled seawater intended for domestic use

2012; Wiley; Volume: 10; Issue: 3 Linguagem: Inglês

10.2903/j.efsa.2012.2613

ISSN

1831-4732

Tópico(s)

Chemical Analysis and Environmental Impact

Resumo

EFSA JournalVolume 10, Issue 3 2613 OpinionOpen Access Scientific Opinion on the minimum hygiene criteria to be applied to clean seawater and on the public health risks and hygiene criteria for bottled seawater intended for domestic use EFSA Panel on Biological Hazards (BIOHAZ), EFSA Panel on Biological Hazards (BIOHAZ)Search for more papers by this authorEFSA Panel on Contaminants in the Food Chain (CONTAM), EFSA Panel on Contaminants in the Food Chain (CONTAM)Search for more papers by this author EFSA Panel on Biological Hazards (BIOHAZ), EFSA Panel on Biological Hazards (BIOHAZ)Search for more papers by this authorEFSA Panel on Contaminants in the Food Chain (CONTAM), EFSA Panel on Contaminants in the Food Chain (CONTAM)Search for more papers by this author First published: 29 March 2012 https://doi.org/10.2903/j.efsa.2012.2613Citations: 5 Panel members: Olivier Andreoletti, Herbert Budka, Sava Buncic, John D Collins, John Griffin, Tine Hald, Arie Havelaar, James Hope, Günter Klein, Kostas Koutsoumanis, James McLauchlin, Christine Müller-Graf, Christophe Nguyen-The, Birgit Noerrung, Luisa Peixe, Miguel Prieto Maradona, Antonia Ricci, John Sofos, John Threlfall, Ivar Vågsholm and Emmanuel Vanopdenbosch. Panel members: Jan Alexander, Diane Benford, Alan Boobis, Sandra Ceccatelli, Bruce Cottrill, Jean-Pierre Cravedi, Alessandro Di Domenico, Daniel Doerge, Eugenia Dogliotti, Lutz Edler, Peter Farmer, Metka Filipiè, Johanna Fink-Gremmels, Peter Fürst, Thierry Guérin, Helle Katrine Knutsen, Miroslav Machala, Antonio Mutti, Martin Rose, Josef Schlatter and Rolaf van Leeuwen. Correspondence: biohaz@efsa.europa.eu Acknowledgement: The Panels wish to thank the members of the Working Group on the minimum hygiene criteria to be applied to clean seawater and on the public health risks and hygiene criteria for bottled seawater intended for domestic use: Arie Havelaar, Miguel Prieto Maradona, James McLauchlin, Ron Lee, Jaime Martinez Urtaza, Rolaf van Leeuwen for the preparatory work on this scientific opinion and EFSA staff: Michaela Hempen, Ernesto Liebana, Silvia Inés Nicolau Solano for the support provided to this scientific opinion. Adoption date: 8 March 2012 Published date: 29 March 2012 Question number: EFSA-Q-2011-00274, EFSA-Q-2011-00298 On request from: European Commission AboutPDF ToolsExport citationAdd to favoritesTrack citation ShareShare Give accessShare full text accessShare full-text accessPlease review our Terms and Conditions of Use and check box below to share full-text version of article.I have read and accept the Wiley Online Library Terms and Conditions of UseShareable LinkUse the link below to share a full-text version of this article with your friends and colleagues. Learn more.Copy URL Share a linkShare onFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditWechat Abstract Microbiological hazards have been associated with seawater. Poor quality sea water may consequently have a severe impact on public health. Coastal sources used for abstraction of seawater cannot be classified as a pristine source. The use of water safety plans, combining sanitary surveys with microbiological criteria and appropriate water treatment, is proposed in order to ensure adequate hygiene conditions and to control hazards. The comprehensiveness of the sanitary survey, the stringency of microbiological criteria, and the need for treatment depend on the relative exposures associated to the different uses of seawater. For uses with low exposure to microbiological hazards, a basic sanitary survey and microbiological criteria based on the Directive 2006/7/EC are considered appropriate. For uses with a higher exposure, a more comprehensive sanitary survey, mandatory water treatment, and microbiological criteria based on Council Directive 98/83/EC with an additional criterion for Vibrio spp. are considered appropriate. For uses with highest exposure, a more comprehensive sanitary survey, mandatory water treatment, and microbiological criteria based on Council Directive 98/83/EC with an additional criterion for turbidity and Vibrio spp. are considered appropriate. Both inorganic and organic chemicals can be found in seawater in concentrations that are usually low. Therefore the use of seawater on fresh or processed fishery products or for re-vitalisation of live molluscs is unlikely to raise a health concern. A potential health concern may occur from the domestic use of bottled seawater where human exposure might be expected to be higher than for the other uses of seawater. Therefore, the concentration of chemicals in bottled seawater should comply with the standards laid down in Council Directive 98/83/EC on the quality of water intended for human consumption. 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