Produção Nacional
Revisado por pares
Genomic Surveillance of Yellow Fever Virus Epizootic in São Paulo, Brazil, 2016 – 2018
2020; Public Library of Science; Volume: 16; Issue: 8 Linguagem: Inglês
10.1371/journal.ppat.1008699
ISSN1553-7374
AutoresSarah C. Hill, Renato Pereira de Souza, Julien Thézé, Ingra Morales Claro, Renato Santana Aguiar, Leandro Abade, Fabiana Cristina Pereira dos Santos, Mariana Sequetin Cunha, Juliana Silva Nogueira, Flavia Cristina da Silva Sales, Iray Maria Rocco, Adriana Yurika Maeda, Fernanda Gisele Silva Vasami, Louis du Plessis, Paola Paz Silveira, Jaqueline Góes de Jesus, Joshua Quick, Natália Coelho Couto de Azevedo Fernandes, Juliana Mariotti Guerra, Rodrigo Albergaria Réssio, Marta Giovanetti, Luíz Carlos Júnior Alcântara, Cinthya dos Santos Cirqueira, Josué Díaz‐Delgado, Fernando Luiz de Lima Macedo, María do Carmo Sampaio Tavares Timenetsky, R. de Paula, Roberta Spínola, Juliana Telles de Deus, Luís Filipe Mucci, Rosa Maria Tubaki, Regiane Maria Tironi de Menezes, Patrícia Locosque Ramos, André Luiz de Abreu, Laura N. Cruz, Nicholas J. Loman, Simon Dellicour, Oliver G. Pybus, Éster Cerdeira Sabino, Nuno R. Faria,
Tópico(s)Rabies epidemiology and control
ResumoSão Paulo, a densely inhabited state in southeast Brazil that contains the fourth most populated city in the world, recently experienced its largest yellow fever virus (YFV) outbreak in decades. YFV does not normally circulate extensively in São Paulo, so most people were unvaccinated when the outbreak began. Surveillance in non-human primates (NHPs) is important for determining the magnitude and geographic extent of an epizootic, thereby helping to evaluate the risk of YFV spillover to humans. Data from infected NHPs can give more accurate insights into YFV spread than when using data from human cases alone. To contextualise human cases, identify epizootic foci and uncover the rate and direction of YFV spread in São Paulo, we generated and analysed virus genomic data and epizootic case data from NHPs in São Paulo. We report the occurrence of three spatiotemporally distinct phases of the outbreak in São Paulo prior to February 2018. We generated 51 new virus genomes from YFV positive cases identified in 23 different municipalities in São Paulo, mostly sampled from NHPs between October 2016 and January 2018. Although we observe substantial heterogeneity in lineage dispersal velocities between phylogenetic branches, continuous phylogeographic analyses of generated YFV genomes suggest that YFV lineages spread in São Paulo at a mean rate of approximately 1km per day during all phases of the outbreak. Viral lineages from the first epizootic phase in northern São Paulo subsequently dispersed towards the south of the state to cause the second and third epizootic phases there. This alters our understanding of how YFV was introduced into the densely populated south of São Paulo state. Our results shed light on the sylvatic transmission of YFV in highly fragmented forested regions in São Paulo state and highlight the importance of continued surveillance of zoonotic pathogens in sentinel species.
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