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A Review on Liquefaction Potential Assessment of Kashmir Valley

2020; Journal of Emerging Technologies and Innovative Research (JETIR); Volume: 7; Issue: 8 Linguagem: Inglês

2349-5162

Roohullah Bhat, Nasir Ali,

Dam Engineering and Safety

The latest version of seismic zoning map of India given in the earthquake resistant design code of India [IS 1893-2002] assigns four levels of seismicity for India in terms of zone factors (zone 2,3,4 and 5). Zone 5 expects the highest level of seismicity whereas zone 2 is associated with the lowest level of seismicity. According to the seismic zoning map of India, Kashmir valley lies in the seismic zone 5, where there is possibility of occurrence of high magnitude earthquakes. Moreover the presence of active seismogenic faults, soft alluvium and shallow groundwater levels in the basin of Kashmir valley signifies its determinental effects on the occurrence of earthquakes. One of the determinental effect of which there is a major possibility to occur in Kashmir valley is the liquefaction of soils located near the water bodies. The main aim of this present paper is to provide necessary data about the liquefaction potential values of soils in the valley from South Kashmir to North Kashmir. For this purpose detailed study was performed on the soils present near the water bodies. Two tests namely SPT (Standard Penetration Test) and Shake Table Test were used to obtain the liquefaction potential values of the soils. The Shake Table used in the study provided the necessary acceleration to saturated soil mass resembling the acceleration generated by the earthquakes of magnitude 7.6. To determine the dynamic properties of soil 7 SPT boreholes spread across the valley were used. The analysis shows that the southern part of Kashmir valley (Anantnag and Awantipora) is safe against liquefaction and there is gradual increase in the liquefaction potential index values towards the northern part of Kashmir valley, with Baramulla and Sopore having the highest possibility of liquefaction to occur.