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Argo Data 1999–2019: Two Million Temperature-Salinity Profiles and Subsurface Velocity Observations From a Global Array of Profiling Floats

2020; Frontiers Media; Volume: 7; Linguagem: Inglês

10.3389/fmars.2020.00700

2296-7745

Annie P. S. Wong, Susan Wijffels, Stephen C. Riser, Sylvie Pouliquen, Shigeki Hosoda, Dean Roemmich, John Gilson, Gregory C. Johnson, Kim I. Martini, David J. Murphy, Megan Scanderbeg, Thallada Bhaskar, Justin Buck, Frédéric Merceur, Thierry Carval, Guillaume Maze, C. Cabanes, Xavier André, Noé Poffa, Igor Yashayaev, Paul M. Barker, S. Guinehut, Mathieu Belbéoch, Mark Ignaszewski, Molly Baringer, Claudia Schmid, John M. Lyman, K. E. McTaggart, Sarah G. Purkey, Nathalie Zilberman, Matthew B. Alkire, Dana D. Swift, W. Brechner Owens, Steven R. Jayne, Cora Hersh, Pelle Robbins, D. E. West‐Mack, Frank Bahr, Sachiko Yoshida, Philip Sutton, Romain Cancouët, C. Coatanoan, Delphine Dobbler, Andrea Garcia Juan, Jérôme Gourrion, Nicolas Kolodziejczyk, Vincent Bernard, Bernard Bourlès, Hervé Claustre, Fabrizio D’Ortenzio, Serge Le Reste, Pierre‐Yves Le Traon, Jean-Philippe Rannou, Carole Saout-Grit, Sabrina Speich, Virginie Thierry, Nathalie Verbrugge, Ingrid M. Angel-Benavides, Birgit Klein, Giulio Notarstefano, Pierre-Marie Poulain, P. Vélez‐Belchí, Toshio Suga, Kentaro Ando, Naoto Iwasaska, Taiyo Kobayashi, Shuhei Masuda, Eitarou Oka, Kanako Sato, Tomoaki NAKAMURA, Katsunari Sato, Yasushi Takatsuki, Takashi Yoshida, Rebecca Cowley, Jenny Lovell, Peter R. Oke, Esmee van Wijk, Fiona Carse, Matthew Donnelly, W.J. Gould, Katie Gowers, Brian King, S. G. Loch, Mary Mowat, Jon Turton, E. Pattabhi Rama Rao, M. Ravichandran, Howard J. Freeland, Isabelle Gaboury, Denis Gilbert, B. J. W. Greenan, Mathieu Ouellet, Tetjana Ross, Anh Tran, Mingmei Dong, Zenghong Liu, Jianping Xu, Ki-Ryong Kang, HyeongJun Jo, Sung‐Dae Kim, Hyuk-Min Park,

Arctic and Antarctic ice dynamics

In the past two decades, the Argo Program has collected, processed and distributed over two million vertical profiles of temperature and salinity from the upper two kilometers of the global ocean. A similar number of subsurface velocity observations near 1000 dbar have also been collected. This paper recounts the history of the global Argo Program, from its aspiration arising out of the World Ocean Circulation Experiment, to the development and implementation of its instrumentation and telecommunication systems, and the various technical problems encountered. We describe the Argo data system and its quality control procedures, and the gradual changes in the vertical resolution and spatial coverage of Argo data from 1999 to 2019. The accuracies of the float data have been assessed by comparison with high-quality shipboard measurements, and are concluded to be 0.002°C for temperature, 2.4 dbar for pressure, and 0.01 PSS-78 for salinity, after delayed-mode adjustments. Finally, the challenges faced by the vision of an expanding Argo Program beyond 2020 are discussed.