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Substance Use Initiation, Particularly Alcohol, in Drug-Naive Adolescents: Possible Predictors and Consequences From a Large Cohort Naturalistic Study

2020; Elsevier BV; Volume: 60; Issue: 5 Linguagem: Inglês

10.1016/j.jaac.2020.08.443

1527-5418

Iliyan Ivanov, Muhammad A. Parvaz, Eva Velthorst, Riaz Shaik, Sven Sandin, Gabriela Gan, Philip A. Spechler, Matthew D. Albaugh, Bader Chaarani, Scott Mackey, Tobias Banaschewski, Arun L.W. Bokde, Uli Bromberg, Christian Büchel, Erin Burke Quinlan, Sylvane Desrivières, Herta Flor, Antoine Grigis, Penny Gowland, Andreas Heinz, Bernd Ittermann, Jean‐Luc Martinot, Marie‐Laure Paillère Martinot, Éric Artiges, Hervé Lemaître, Frauke Nees, Dimitri Papadopoulos Orfanos, Tomáš Paus, Luise Poustka, Sarah Hohmann, Sabina Millenet, Juliane H. Fröhner, Michael N. Smolka, Henrik Walter, Robert Whelan, Gunter Schümann, Hugh Garavan, Michael A. Rapp, Éric Artiges, Sophia Schneider, Tomáš Paus, Alexis Barbot, Gareth J. Barker, Arun L.W. Bokde, Nora C. Vetter, Christian Büchel, Anna Cattrell, Patrick Constant, Penny Gowland, Hans S. Crombag, Jeffrey W. Dalley, Benjamin Decideur, Tade Matthias Spranger, Tamzin L. Ripley, Nadja Heym, Herta Flor, Wolfgang H. Sommer, Birgit Fuchs, Jürgen Gallinat, Hugh Garavan, Rainer Spanagel, Mehri Kaviani, Bert Heinrichs, Andreas Heinz, Naresh Subramaniam, Tianye Jia, Albrecht Ihlenfeld, James Ireland, Bernd Ittermann, Patricia Conrod, Tobias Banaschewski, Jennifer Jones, Arno Klaassen, Christophe Lalanne, Dirk Lanzerath, Claire Lawrence, Hervé Lemaître, Sylvane Desrivières, Catherine Mallik, Karl Mann, Adam C. Mar, Lourdes Martinez-Medina, Jean‐Luc Martinot, Eva Mennigen, Fabiana Mesquita de Carvahlo, Yannick Schwartz, Ruediger Bruehl, Kathrin Müller, Frauke Nees, Charlotte Nymberg, Mark Lathrop, Trevor W. Robbins, Zdenka Pausová, Jani Pentillä, Francesca Biondo, Jean‐Baptiste Poline, Luise Poustka, Sabina Millenet, Michael N. Smolka, Juliane H. Fröhner, Maren Struve, Steven Williams, Thomas Hübner, Uli Bromberg, Semiha Aydın, John Rogers, Alexander Romanowski, Christine Schmäl, Dirk Schmidt, Stephan Ripke, Mercedes Arroyo, Herta Flor, Yolanda Peña‐Oliver, Mira Fauth‐Bühler, Xavier Mignon, Robert Whelan, Claudia Speiser, Tahmine Fadai, D.N. Stephens, Andreas Ströhle, Marie-Laure Paillère, Nicole Strache, David Theobald, Sarah Jurk, Hélène Vulser, Rubén Miranda, Juliana Yacubilin, Vincent Frouin, Alexander Genauck, Caroline Parchetka, Isabel Gemmeke, Johann Kruschwitz, Katharina WeiB, Henrik Walter, Jianfeng Feng, Dimitri Papadopoulos, Irina Filippi, Alex Ing, Barbara Ruggeri, Bing Xu, Christine Macare, Congying Chu, Éanna Hanratty, Erin Burke Quinlan, Guillaume Robert, Gunter Schümann, Tao Yu, Veronika Ziesch, Alicia Stedman,

Substance Abuse Treatment and Outcomes

ObjectiveIt is unclear whether deviations in brain and behavioral development, which may underpin elevated substance use during adolescence, are predispositions for or consequences of substance use initiation. Here, we examine behavioral and neuroimaging indices at early and mid-adolescence in drug-naive youths to identify possible predisposing factors for substance use initiation and its possible consequences.MethodAmong 304 drug-naive adolescents at baseline (age 14 years) from the IMAGEN dataset, 83 stayed drug-naive, 133 used alcohol on 1 to 9 occasions, 42 on 10 to 19 occasions, 27 on 20 to 39 occasions, and 19 on >40 occasions at follow-up (age 16 years). Baseline measures included brain activation during the Monetary Incentive Delay task. Data at both baseline and follow-up included measures of trait impulsivity and delay discounting.ResultsFrom baseline to follow-up, impulsivity decreased in the 0 and 1- to 9-occasions groups (p < .004), did not change in the 10- to 19-occasions and 20- to 29-occasions groups (p > .294), and uncharacteristically increased in the >40-occasions group (p = .046). Furthermore, blunted medial orbitofrontal cortex activation during reward outcome at baseline significantly predicted higher alcohol use frequency at follow-up, above and beyond behavioral and clinical variables (p = .008).ConclusionThese results suggest that the transition from no use to frequent drinking in early to mid-adolescence may disrupt normative developmental changes in behavioral control. In addition, blunted activity of the medial orbitofrontal cortex during reward outcome may underscore a predisposition toward the development of more severe alcohol use in adolescents. This distinction is clinically important, as it informs early intervention efforts in preventing the onset of substance use disorder in adolescents. It is unclear whether deviations in brain and behavioral development, which may underpin elevated substance use during adolescence, are predispositions for or consequences of substance use initiation. Here, we examine behavioral and neuroimaging indices at early and mid-adolescence in drug-naive youths to identify possible predisposing factors for substance use initiation and its possible consequences. Among 304 drug-naive adolescents at baseline (age 14 years) from the IMAGEN dataset, 83 stayed drug-naive, 133 used alcohol on 1 to 9 occasions, 42 on 10 to 19 occasions, 27 on 20 to 39 occasions, and 19 on >40 occasions at follow-up (age 16 years). Baseline measures included brain activation during the Monetary Incentive Delay task. Data at both baseline and follow-up included measures of trait impulsivity and delay discounting. From baseline to follow-up, impulsivity decreased in the 0 and 1- to 9-occasions groups (p < .004), did not change in the 10- to 19-occasions and 20- to 29-occasions groups (p > .294), and uncharacteristically increased in the >40-occasions group (p = .046). Furthermore, blunted medial orbitofrontal cortex activation during reward outcome at baseline significantly predicted higher alcohol use frequency at follow-up, above and beyond behavioral and clinical variables (p = .008). These results suggest that the transition from no use to frequent drinking in early to mid-adolescence may disrupt normative developmental changes in behavioral control. In addition, blunted activity of the medial orbitofrontal cortex during reward outcome may underscore a predisposition toward the development of more severe alcohol use in adolescents. This distinction is clinically important, as it informs early intervention efforts in preventing the onset of substance use disorder in adolescents.