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IL-6 serum levels predict severity and response to tocilizumab in COVID-19: An observational study

2020; Elsevier BV; Volume: 147; Issue: 1 Linguagem: Inglês

10.1016/j.jaci.2020.09.018

1097-6825

José María Galván‐Román, S. C. Rodriguez-García, Emilia Roy‐Vallejo, Ana Marcos‐Jiménez, Santiago Sánchez‐Alonso, C. Fernández-Díaz, Ana Alcaraz‐Serna, Tamara Mateu‐Albero, Pablo Rodríguez-Cortés, Ildefonso Sánchez‐Cerrillo, Laura Esparcia, Pedro Martínez‐Fleta, Celia López‐Sanz, Ligia Gabrie, Luciana del Campo Guerola, Carmen Súarez-Fernández, Julio Ancochea, Alfonso Canabal, Patricia Albert, Diego Aníbal Rodríguez-Serrano, Juan Mariano Aguilar Mulet, Carmen del Arco, Ignacio de los Santos, Lucio García‐Fraile, Rafael de la Cámara, J. M. Serra, Esther Ramírez, Tamara Alonso, Pedro Landete, Joan B. Soriano, Enrique Martín‐Gayo, Arturo Fraile Torres, Nelly Daniela Zurita Cruz, Rosario García‐Vicuña, Laura Cardeñoso, Francisco Sánchez‐Madrid, Arántzazu Alfranca, Cecilia Muñoz‐Calleja, Isidoro González‐Álvaro, Teresa Alvarado, Pablo Arias Martínez, Francisco Javier de la Cuerda Llorente, Carmen del Arco, Juan Mariano Aguilar Mulet, N Villalba, Mónica Negro, Elvira Contreras, Ana del Rey, Cristina Santiago, Manuel Junquera, Raquel Caminero, Francisco Javier Val, Sonia González, M. Piqueras Cano, Isabel López, Andrés von Wernitz, Bárbara Retana, Iñigo Guerra, Jorge Sorando, Lydia Chao, María José Cárdenas, Verónica Espiga, P. Chicharro, Pedro Pérez Rodríguez, Iñigo Hernando Alday, Miguel Sampedro, Jorge Prada, Eukene Rojo Aldama, Yolanda Real, María Caldas, Sergio Casabona, Aitor Lanas-Gimeno, Rafael de la Cámara, Ángela Figuera Álvarez, Beatriz Aguadol, Alberto Morell, Esther Ramírez, A Ibáñez Zurriaga, María Pérez Abánades, S Ruíz García, Tomás Gallego Aranda, María Nuria Mane Ruiz, Concepción Nieto, J. M. Serra, Francisco Sánchez‐Madrid, Cecilia Muñoz‐Calleja, Arántzazu Alfranca, Javier Aspa, Ana Marcos‐Jiménez, Santiago Sánchez‐Alonso, Ana Alcaraz‐Serna, Tamara Mateu‐Albero, Ildefonso Sánchez‐Cerrillo, Laura Esparcia, Pedro Martínez‐Fleta, Celia López‐Sanz, Ligia Gabrie, Luciana del Campo Guerola, E. Rodríguez Fernández, Ma José Calzada, Reyes Tejedor, Alfonso Canabal, Patricia Albert, Diego Aníbal Rodríguez-Serrano, Judit Iglesias, Fernando Suárez, Juan Antonio Sánchez, Beatriz Abad, C. Roldán Suárez, Ignacio de los Santos, José María Galván‐Román, Emilia Roy‐Vallejo, Pablo Rodríguez-Cortés, Lucio García‐Fraile, Jesús Sanz, Eduardo Sánchez Sánchez, Fernando Moldenhauer, Pedro Casado, José Curbelo, Ángela Gutiérrez, Azucena Bautista, Nuria Ruiz Giménez, Angelica Fernandez, Pedro Santiago Sánchez Parra, Berta Moyano, Ana Barrios, Diego Real de Asúa, Beatriz Sánchez, Carmen Sáez, Marianela Ciudad, Desiré Navas, Laura Cardeñoso, María del Carmen Cuevas Torresano, Diego Domingo García, Teresa Alarcón Cavero, Alicia García Blanco, Alexandra Martin Ramírez, María Auxiliadora Semiglia Chong, Ainhoa Gutiérrez Cobos, Nelly Daniela Zurita Cruz, Arturo Manuel Fraile Torres, Carmen Sanchez-Gonzalez, Antonio Fernádez Perpén, Carolina Díaz Pérez, Julio Ancochea, Tamara Alonso, Pedro Landete, Joan B. Soriano, Carolina Cisneros, Elena García Castillo, Francisco Javier García Pérez, Rosa Girón, Celeste Marcos, Enrique Zamora, Patrícia Azevedo Garcia, Santos Castañeda, Rosario García‐Vicuña, Isidoro González‐Álvaro, S. C. Rodriguez-García, C. Fernández-Díaz, Irene Llorente, Eva Tomero, Noelia García Castañeda, Ana Ma Ortiz, Cristina Valero, Miren Uriarte, Núria Montés,

SARS-CoV-2 and COVID-19 Research

BackgroundPatients with coronavirus disaese 2019 (COVID-19) can develop a cytokine release syndrome that eventually leads to acute respiratory distress syndrome requiring invasive mechanical ventilation (IMV). Because IL-6 is a relevant cytokine in acute respiratory distress syndrome, the blockade of its receptor with tocilizumab (TCZ) could reduce mortality and/or morbidity in severe COVID-19.ObjectiveWe sought to determine whether baseline IL-6 serum levels can predict the need for IMV and the response to TCZ.MethodsA retrospective observational study was performed in hospitalized patients diagnosed with COVID-19. Clinical information and laboratory findings, including IL-6 levels, were collected approximately 3 and 9 days after admission to be matched with preadministration and postadministration of TCZ. Multivariable logistic and linear regressions and survival analysis were performed depending on outcomes: need for IMV, evolution of arterial oxygen tension/fraction of inspired oxygen ratio, or mortality.ResultsOne hundred forty-six patients were studied, predominantly males (66%); median age was 63 years. Forty-four patients (30%) required IMV, and 58 patients (40%) received treatment with TCZ. IL-6 levels greater than 30 pg/mL was the best predictor for IMV (odds ratio, 7.1; P < .001). Early administration of TCZ was associated with improvement in oxygenation (arterial oxygen tension/fraction of inspired oxygen ratio) in patients with high IL-6 (P = .048). Patients with high IL-6 not treated with TCZ showed high mortality (hazard ratio, 4.6; P = .003), as well as those with low IL-6 treated with TCZ (hazard ratio, 3.6; P = .016). No relevant serious adverse events were observed in TCZ-treated patients.ConclusionsBaseline IL-6 greater than 30 pg/mL predicts IMV requirement in patients with COVID-19 and contributes to establish an adequate indication for TCZ administration. Patients with coronavirus disaese 2019 (COVID-19) can develop a cytokine release syndrome that eventually leads to acute respiratory distress syndrome requiring invasive mechanical ventilation (IMV). Because IL-6 is a relevant cytokine in acute respiratory distress syndrome, the blockade of its receptor with tocilizumab (TCZ) could reduce mortality and/or morbidity in severe COVID-19. We sought to determine whether baseline IL-6 serum levels can predict the need for IMV and the response to TCZ. A retrospective observational study was performed in hospitalized patients diagnosed with COVID-19. Clinical information and laboratory findings, including IL-6 levels, were collected approximately 3 and 9 days after admission to be matched with preadministration and postadministration of TCZ. Multivariable logistic and linear regressions and survival analysis were performed depending on outcomes: need for IMV, evolution of arterial oxygen tension/fraction of inspired oxygen ratio, or mortality. One hundred forty-six patients were studied, predominantly males (66%); median age was 63 years. Forty-four patients (30%) required IMV, and 58 patients (40%) received treatment with TCZ. IL-6 levels greater than 30 pg/mL was the best predictor for IMV (odds ratio, 7.1; P < .001). Early administration of TCZ was associated with improvement in oxygenation (arterial oxygen tension/fraction of inspired oxygen ratio) in patients with high IL-6 (P = .048). Patients with high IL-6 not treated with TCZ showed high mortality (hazard ratio, 4.6; P = .003), as well as those with low IL-6 treated with TCZ (hazard ratio, 3.6; P = .016). No relevant serious adverse events were observed in TCZ-treated patients. Baseline IL-6 greater than 30 pg/mL predicts IMV requirement in patients with COVID-19 and contributes to establish an adequate indication for TCZ administration.