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Genome-wide CRISPR Screens Reveal Host Factors Critical for SARS-CoV-2 Infection

2020; Cell Press; Volume: 184; Issue: 1 Linguagem: Inglês

10.1016/j.cell.2020.10.028

1097-4172

Jin Wei, Mia Madel Alfajaro, Peter C. DeWeirdt, Ruth E. Hanna, William J. Lu-Culligan, Wesley L. Cai, Madison S. Strine, Shang-Min Zhang, Vincent R. Graziano, Cameron O. Schmitz, Jennifer Chen, Madeleine C. Mankowski, Renata B. Filler, Neal G. Ravindra, Victor Gasque, Fernando J. de Miguel, Ajinkya Patil, Huacui Chen, Kasopefoluwa Y. Oguntuyo, Laura Abriola, Yulia V. Surovtseva, Robert C. Orchard, Benhur Lee, Brett D. Lindenbach, Katerina Politi, David van Dijk, Cigall Kadoch, Matthew D. Simon, Qin Yan, John G. Doench, Craig B. Wilen,

Mosquito-borne diseases and control

Identification of host genes essential for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection may reveal novel therapeutic targets and inform our understanding of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pathogenesis. Here we performed genome-wide CRISPR screens in Vero-E6 cells with SARS-CoV-2, Middle East respiratory syndrome CoV (MERS-CoV), bat CoV HKU5 expressing the SARS-CoV-1 spike, and vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV) expressing the SARS-CoV-2 spike. We identified known SARS-CoV-2 host factors, including the receptor ACE2 and protease Cathepsin L. We additionally discovered pro-viral genes and pathways, including HMGB1 and the SWI/SNF chromatin remodeling complex, that are SARS lineage and pan-coronavirus specific, respectively. We show that HMGB1 regulates ACE2 expression and is critical for entry of SARS-CoV-2, SARS-CoV-1, and NL63. We also show that small-molecule antagonists of identified gene products inhibited SARS-CoV-2 infection in monkey and human cells, demonstrating the conserved role of these genetic hits across species. This identifies potential therapeutic targets for SARS-CoV-2 and reveals SARS lineage-specific and pan-CoV host factors that regulate susceptibility to highly pathogenic CoVs.