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Vitamin D Status in Hospitalized Patients with SARS-CoV-2 Infection

2020; Oxford University Press; Volume: 106; Issue: 3 Linguagem: Inglês

10.1210/clinem/dgaa733

1945-7197

José L. Hernández, Daniel Nan, Marta Fernández‐Ayala, María Teresa García‐Unzueta, Miguel A. Hernández‐Hernández, Marcos López‐Hoyos, Pedro Muñoz, José M. Olmos, Manuel Gutiérrez‐Cuadra, Juan José Ruiz-Cubillán, Javier Crespo, Víctor M. Martínez‐Taboada,

Vitamin C and Antioxidants Research

The role of vitamin D status in COVID-19 patients is a matter of debate.To assess serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25OHD) levels in hospitalized patients with COVID-19 and to analyze the possible influence of vitamin D status on disease severity.Retrospective case-control study of 216 COVID-19 patients and 197 population-based controls. Serum 25OHD levels were measured in both groups. The association of serum 25OHD levels with COVID-19 severity (admission to the intensive care unit, requirements for mechanical ventilation, or mortality) was also evaluated.Of the 216 patients, 19 were on vitamin D supplements and were analyzed separately. In COVID-19 patients, mean ± standard deviation 25OHD levels were 13.8 ± 7.2 ng/mL, compared with 20.9 ± 7.4 ng/mL in controls (P < .0001). 25OHD values were lower in men than in women. Vitamin D deficiency was found in 82.2% of COVID-19 cases and 47.2% of population-based controls (P < .0001). 25OHD inversely correlates with serum ferritin (P = .013) and D-dimer levels (P = .027). Vitamin D-deficient COVID-19 patients had a greater prevalence of hypertension and cardiovascular diseases, raised serum ferritin and troponin levels, as well as a longer length of hospital stay than those with serum 25OHD levels ≥20 ng/mL. No causal relationship was found between vitamin D deficiency and COVID-19 severity as a combined endpoint or as its separate components.25OHD levels are lower in hospitalized COVID-19 patients than in population-based controls and these patients had a higher prevalence of deficiency. We did not find any relationship between vitamin D concentrations or vitamin deficiency and the severity of the disease.