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The Duration, Dynamics, and Determinants of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) Antibody Responses in Individual Healthcare Workers

2021; Oxford University Press; Volume: 73; Issue: 3 Linguagem: Inglês

10.1093/cid/ciab004

1537-6591

Sheila Lumley, Jia Wei, Denise O’Donnell, Nicole Stoesser, Philippa C. Matthews, Alison Howarth, Stephanie B. Hatch, Brian D. Marsden, Stuart Cox, Tim James, Liam J Peck, Thomas Ritter, Zoe de Toledo, Richard J. Cornall, E. Yvonne Jones, David I. Stuart, Gavin Screaton, Daniel Ebner, Sarah Hoosdally, Derrick W. Crook, Christopher P. Conlon, Koen B. Pouwels, A. Sarah Walker, Tim Peto, A Sarah Walker, Katie Jeffery, David W. Eyre, Molly Abbott, Roxanna E. Abhari, Hibatullah Abuelgasim, Tariq Ahmed-Firani, Ahmed Alhussni, Isobel L.A. Argles, Rebecca Ashworth, Francesca Back, Susannah Black, Isabelle Brennan, Lottie Cansdale, Triya Chakravorty, Zahra Choudhury, Helen Clay, Rebecca Conway-Jones, Aisling Curtis, Joseph Cutteridge, Hannah Danbury, Hettie Davies, Lucy Denly, Julie Dequaire, Stoyan Dimitrov, Ella Dunlop, Polly Dunn, Cameron East, Ben Eastwood, Chantal Edwardes, Meirian Evans, Christopher J. Fields, Sarah Jane Flaherty, Thomas Foord, Rosie Freer, Hannah E. Fuchs, Alexander Grassam-Rowe, Lewis Greenan-Barrett, James Gunnell, Callum Harries, Edward Harris, Elizabeth Hatton, Conor Hennessy, Christian Holland, Ben Holloway, Gregory Howgego, Isaac Jarratt Barnham, Síle A. Johnson, Thomas Johnson, Daniela Johnstone, Rebecca Jurdon, Gabriella Kelly, Sven Kerneis, Beinn Khulusi, Annabel Killen, Stefan Kourdov, Mary Kumarendran, Hannah Laurenson-Schafer, Ruby Lawrence, Charlotte Lee, Angus Livingstone, Rosie Lynch, Tara Madsen, Ali Manji, James J. Marsh, Chris Mason, Angus McCance, Euan J McGivern, Ailsa Mckinlay, Alexandra Mighiu, Lancelot Millar, Yethrib Mohamed, Kenzo Motohashi, Myat San, Andrey Nezhentsev, Katherine O’Byrne, Temitope Okuwoga, Madeleine Oliver, Saxon Pattenden, Vimukthi Perera, Yva Petit, Florence Pickles, Maria Pikoula, Govind Randhawa, Krupa Ravi, Lara Reed, Caitlin Rigler, Charlotte Robinson, Evie Rothwell, Stephanie Santos-Paulo, Constantinos Savva, Alice Scharmeli, Samuel Scott, Zamin Shabir, Ishta Sharma, Remarez Sheehan, Afrah Shibu, Arun Somanathan, Samuel Sussmes, Owen Sweeney, Emily Swift, Gayatri Tadikamalla, Morwenna Tamblyn, A Taylor, Rebecca te Water Naudé, Sarah Thomas, Connor Thompson, Lottie Till, Ross Toward, Charis Virgo, Imogen C Vorley, Seren Waite, Harry Ward, Jocelyn Ward, Adam Watson, Lily Watson, Matthew Wedlich, Laura Wilkins, Jack Wilson, Joseph D. Wilson, William B. Wong, Rebecca Young, George Doherty, James Kavanagh, Kevin Chau, P. W. Fowler, Jeremy Swann, Denis Volk, Fan Yang-Turner, Donal Skelly, Fredrik Karpe, Matt J. Neville, Lucas Martins Ferreira, Thomas Christott, Gillian Rodger, Hayleah Pickford, Sarah Cameron, Phoebe Tamblin-Hopper, Ali Amini, Monique Andersson, Karen Anson, Lisa Aston, David Axten, Simran Barot, Trisha Bellinger, Adrian Bialek, Noemi Bodo, Andrew Brent, Mark Campbell, Vanessa Cox, Tammy Cronin, T. J. Davies, Alessio Deales, Louise Downs, Philip G. Drennan, Maria Dudareva, L Purcell-Gates, Michelle Gates, Dominique Georgiou, Bernadett Gergely, Louise Holland, Nicola Jones, Sarah Jones, Sharon Kerr, Elaine Lawson, Stacy Looms, Michael Luciw, Diva Martins, Mary McKnight, Alexander J. Mentzer, Rebecca Millard, Tracey Mitchell, Lisa Morgan, Jordan Morrow, Emma Mortimore, Harriet Mullins, Heather Nevard, Colm P. O’Donnell, Kaisha Patel, Leon Peto, Jane Philips, Jessica Ponting, Roshni Ray, Maria Robles, Sonam Rughani, Nellia Sande, R. H. Shaw, Emma-Jane Simons, Elizabeth Sims, Kyla Smit, Lucianne Smith, Justyna Szczurkowska, Zoe Thompson, Rachel Turford, Kim Vilca, Alexander Vogt, Fiona C Warren, Laura Warren, Vicki Wharton, Alison Whitty, Heather Woodley, Barbara Woźniak, Bernadette C. Young, Anita Justice, Gerald Jesuthasan, Susan Wareing, Nurul Huda Mohamad Fadzillah, Kathryn Cann, Richard Kirton, Claire Sutton, Claudia Salvagno, Gabriella D’Amato, Gemma Pill, Lisa Butcher, Lydia Rylance-Knight, Merline Tabirao, Ruth Moroney, Sarah Wright,

COVID-19 epidemiological studies

Abstract Background Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) immunoglobulin G (IgG) antibody measurements can be used to estimate the proportion of a population exposed or infected and may be informative about the risk of future infection. Previous estimates of the duration of antibody responses vary. Methods We present 6 months of data from a longitudinal seroprevalence study of 3276 UK healthcare workers (HCWs). Serial measurements of SARS-CoV-2 anti-nucleocapsid and anti-spike IgG were obtained. Interval censored survival analysis was used to investigate the duration of detectable responses. Additionally, Bayesian mixed linear models were used to investigate anti-nucleocapsid waning. Results Anti-spike IgG levels remained stably detected after a positive result, for example, in 94% (95% credibility interval [CrI] 91–96%) of HCWs at 180 days. Anti-nucleocapsid IgG levels rose to a peak at 24 (95% CrI 19–31) days post first polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-positive test, before beginning to fall. Considering 452 anti-nucleocapsid seropositive HCWs over a median of 121 days from their maximum positive IgG titer, the mean estimated antibody half-life was 85 (95% CrI 81–90) days. Higher maximum observed anti-nucleocapsid titers were associated with longer estimated antibody half-lives. Increasing age, Asian ethnicity, and prior self-reported symptoms were independently associated with higher maximum anti-nucleocapsid levels and increasing age and a positive PCR test undertaken for symptoms with longer anti-nucleocapsid half-lives. Conclusions SARS-CoV-2 anti-nucleocapsid antibodies wane within months and fall faster in younger adults and those without symptoms. However, anti-spike IgG remains stably detected. Ongoing longitudinal studies are required to track the long-term duration of antibody levels and their association with immunity to SARS-CoV-2 reinfection.