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Quick COVID-19 Healers Sustain Anti-SARS-CoV-2 Antibody Production

2020; Cell Press; Volume: 183; Issue: 6 Linguagem: Inglês

10.1016/j.cell.2020.10.051

1097-4172

Yuezhou Chen, Adam Zuiani, Stephanie Fischinger, Jyotsna Mullur, Caroline Atyeo, Meghan Travers, Felipe Lelis, Krista M. Pullen, Hannah Martin, Pei Tong, Avneesh Gautam, Shaghayegh Habibi, Jillian C. Bensko, Deborah Gakpo, Jared Feldman, Blake M. Hauser, Timothy M. Caradonna, Yongfei Cai, John S. Burke, Junrui Lin, James A. Lederer, Evan C. Lam, Christy L. Lavine, Michael S. Seaman, Bing Chen, Aaron G. Schmidt, Alejandro B. Balazs, Douglas A. Lauffenburger, Galit Alter, Duane R. Wesemann,

SARS-CoV-2 detection and testing

Antibodies are key immune effectors that confer protection against pathogenic threats. The nature and longevity of the antibody response to SARS-CoV-2 infection are not well defined. We charted longitudinal antibody responses to SARS-CoV-2 in 92 subjects after symptomatic COVID-19. Antibody responses to SARS-CoV-2 are unimodally distributed over a broad range, with symptom severity correlating directly with virus-specific antibody magnitude. Seventy-six subjects followed longitudinally to ∼100 days demonstrated marked heterogeneity in antibody duration dynamics. Virus-specific IgG decayed substantially in most individuals, whereas a distinct subset had stable or increasing antibody levels in the same time frame despite similar initial antibody magnitudes. These individuals with increasing responses recovered rapidly from symptomatic COVID-19 disease, harbored increased somatic mutations in virus-specific memory B cell antibody genes, and had persistent higher frequencies of previously activated CD4+ T cells. These findings illuminate an efficient immune phenotype that connects symptom clearance speed to differential antibody durability dynamics.