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Tree mode of death and mortality risk factors across Amazon forests

2020; Nature Portfolio; Volume: 11; Issue: 1 Linguagem: Inglês

10.1038/s41467-020-18996-3

2041-1723

Adriane Esquivel‐Muelbert, Oliver L. Phillips, Roel Brienen, Sophie Fauset, Martin J. P. Sullivan, Timothy R. Baker, Kuo‐Jung Chao, Ted R. Feldpausch, Emanuel Gloor, Níro Higuchi, Jeanine J. Houwing‐Duistermaat, Jon Lloyd, Haiyan Liu, Yadvinder Malhi, Beatriz Schwantes Marimon, Ben Hur Marimon, Abel Monteagudo‐Mendoza, Lourens Poorter, Marcos Silveira, Emilio Vilanova, Esteban Álvarez Dávila, Jhon del Águila Pasquel, Everton Cristo de Almeida, Patricia Álvarez-Loayza, Ana Andrade, Luiz E. O. C. Aragão, Alejandro Araujo‐Murakami, E.J.M.M. Arets, Luzmila Arroyo, Gerardo A. Aymard C., Michel Baisie, Christopher Baraloto, Plínio Barbosa de Camargo, Jorcely Barroso, Lilian Blanc, Damien Bonal, Frans Bongers, René Boot, Foster Brown, Benoît Burban, José Luís Camargo, Wendeson Castro, Víctor Chama Moscoso, Jérôme Chave, James A. Comiskey, Fernando Cornejo Valverde, Antonio Lola da Costa, Nállarett Dávila, Anthony Di Fiore, Aurélie Dourdain, Terry L. Erwin, Gerardo Flores Llampazo, Ima Célia Guimarães Vieira, Rafael Herrera, Eurídice N. Honorio Coronado, Isau Huamantupa‐Chuquimaco, E. Jiménez, Timothy J. Killeen, Susan G. W. Laurance, William F. Laurance, Aurora Levesley, Simon L. Lewis, Karina Liana Lisboa Melgaço Ladvocat, Gabriela López‐González, Thomas Ε. Lovejoy, Patrick Meir, Casimiro Mendoza, Paulo S. Morandi, David Neill, Adriano José Nogueira Lima, Percy Núñez Vargas, Edmar Almeida de Oliveira, Nadir Pallqui Camacho, Guido Pardo, Julie Peacock, Marielos Peña‐Claros, María Cristina Peñuela Mora, Georgia Pickavance, John J. Pipoly, Nigel C. A. Pitman, Adriana Prieto, Thomas A. M. Pugh, Carlos Alberto Quesada, Hirma Ramírez‐Angulo, Simone Matias Reis, Maxime Rejou-Machain, Zorayda Restrepo, Lily O. Rodríguez, Agustín Rudas, Rafael P. Salomão, Julio Serrano, Javier Silva Espejo, Natalino Silva, James Singh, Clément Stahl, Juliana Stropp, Varun Swamy, Joey Talbot, Hans ter Steege, John Terborgh, Raquel Thomas, Marisol Toledo, Armando Torres‐Lezama, Luis Valenzuela Gamarra, Geertje van der Heijden, Peter van der Meer, Peter van der Hout, Rodolfo Vásquez Martínez, Simone Aparecida Vieira, Jeanneth Villalobos Cayo, Vincent Antoine Vos, Roderick Zagt, Pieter A. Zuidema, David Galbraith,

Species Distribution and Climate Change

The carbon sink capacity of tropical forests is substantially affected by tree mortality. However, the main drivers of tropical tree death remain largely unknown. Here we present a pan-Amazonian assessment of how and why trees die, analysing over 120,000 trees representing > 3800 species from 189 long-term RAINFOR forest plots. While tree mortality rates vary greatly Amazon-wide, on average trees are as likely to die standing as they are broken or uprooted-modes of death with different ecological consequences. Species-level growth rate is the single most important predictor of tree death in Amazonia, with faster-growing species being at higher risk. Within species, however, the slowest-growing trees are at greatest risk while the effect of tree size varies across the basin. In the driest Amazonian region species-level bioclimatic distributional patterns also predict the risk of death, suggesting that these forests are experiencing climatic conditions beyond their adaptative limits. These results provide not only a holistic pan-Amazonian picture of tree death but large-scale evidence for the overarching importance of the growth-survival trade-off in driving tropical tree mortality.