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Holography and hydrodynamics: diffusion on stretched horizons

2003; Springer Nature; Volume: 2003; Issue: 10 Linguagem: Inglês

10.1088/1126-6708/2003/10/064

1127-2236

Pavel Kovtun, D. Son, Andrei O. Starinets,

Galaxies: Formation, Evolution, Phenomena

We show that long-time, long-distance fluctuations of plane-symmetric horizons exhibit universal hydrodynamic behavior. By considering classical fluctuations around black-brane backgrounds, we find both diffusive and shear modes. The diffusion constant and the shear viscosity are given by simple formulas, in terms of metric components. For a given metric, the answers can be interpreted as corresponding kinetic coefficients in the holographically dual theory. For the near-extremal Dp, M2 and M5 branes, the computed kinetic coefficients coincide with the results of independent AdS/CFT calculations. In all the examples, the ratio of shear viscosity to entropy density is equal to ℏ/(4πkB), suggesting a special meaning of this value.