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Levels and Factors Associated with Resilience in Italian Healthcare Professionals during the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Web-Based Survey

2020; Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute; Volume: 10; Issue: 12 Linguagem: Inglês

10.3390/bs10120183

2076-328X

Lucia Lisi, Jacopo Ciaffi, Antonella Bruni, Luana Mancarella, Veronica Brusi, Pasquale Gramegna, Claudio Ripamonti, Elisabetta Quaranta, Elena Borlandelli, Gaetano Gallo, Eugenio Garofalo, Agostino Chiaravalloti, Pasquale Viola, Piero Ruscitti, Giacomo Caio, Martina D’Onghia, Andrea D’Amuri, Antonio Cimellaro, Giancarlo Facchini, Micaela La Regina, Luca Spinardi, Roberto De Giorgio, Roberto Giacomelli, Maria Paola Landini, Domenico Berardi, Riccardo Melicòni, Francesco Ursini,

Healthcare professionals’ stress and burnout

Background: Resilience is defined as the capacity to cope successfully with change or adversity. The aims of our study were to investigate levels of resilience in Italian healthcare professionals (HCPs) during the Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic and to identify potential predictors of resilience. Methods: We performed a web-based survey of HCPs (n = 1009) working in Italian hospitals during the COVID-19 pandemic. The survey contained a 14-item resilience scale (RS14) and questionnaires to evaluate depression and anxiety symptoms. Non-HCP individuals (n = 375) from the general population were used for comparison. Results: HCPs showed significantly lower resilience compared to the control group (p = 0.001). No significant differences were observed after stratification for geographical area, work setting, role, or suspected/confirmed diagnosis of COVID-19. In a linear regression analysis, RS14 was inversely correlated with depression (R2 = 0.227, p < 0.001) and anxiety (R2 = 0.117, p < 0.001) and directly correlated with age (R2 = 0.012, p < 0.001) but not with body mass index (BMI, R2 = 0.002, p = 0.213). In male HCPs, higher depression score (odds ratio (OR) 1.147, p < 0.001) or BMI (OR 1.136, p = 0.011) significantly predicted having low resilience. In female HCPs, higher depression score (OR 1.111, p < 0.0001) and working in a COVID-19 free setting (OR 2.308, p = 0.002) significantly predicted having low resilience. HCPs satisfied with personal protective equipment had higher levels of resilience (p < 0.010). Conclusions: Our findings suggest that resilience was lower in Italian HCPs than in the general population after the first COVID-19 wave. Specific factors can be identified, and targeted interventions may have an important role to foster resilience of HCPs.