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Multi-omic, Single-Cell, and Biochemical Profiles of Astronauts Guide Pharmacological Strategies for Returning to Gravity

2020; Cell Press; Volume: 33; Issue: 10 Linguagem: Inglês

10.1016/j.celrep.2020.108429

2639-1856

Monica Gertz, Christopher R. Chin, Delia Tomoiaga, Matthew MacKay, Christina Chang, Daniel Butler, Ebrahim Afshinnekoo, Daniela Bezdan, Michael A. Schmidt, Christopher Mozsary, Ari Melnick, Francine E. Garrett-Bakelman, Brian Crucian, Stuart M. C. Lee, Sara R. Zwart, Scott M. Smith, Cem Meydan, Christopher E. Mason,

Space Exploration and Technology

The National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) Twins Study created an integrative molecular profile of an astronaut during NASA's first 1-year mission on the International Space Station (ISS) and included comparisons to an identical Earth-bound twin. The unique biochemical profiles observed when landing on Earth after such a long mission (e.g., spikes in interleukin-1 [IL-1]/6/10, c-reactive protein [CRP], C-C motif chemokine ligand 2 [CCL2], IL-1 receptor antagonist [IL-1ra], and tumor necrosis factor alpha [TNF-α]) opened new questions about the human body's response to gravity and how to plan for future astronauts, particularly around initiation or resolution of inflammation. Here, single-cell, multi-omic (100-plex epitope profile and gene expression) profiling of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) showed changes to blood cell composition and gene expression post-flight, specifically for monocytes and dendritic cell precursors. These were consistent with flight-induced cytokine and immune system stress, followed by skeletal muscle regeneration in response to gravity. Finally, we examined these profiles relative to 6-month missions in 28 other astronauts and detail potential pharmacological interventions for returning to gravity in future missions.