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Range-Wide Factors Shaping Space Use and Movements by the Neotropic's Flagship Predator: The Jaguar

2020; RELX Group (Netherlands); Linguagem: Inglês

10.2139/ssrn.3722274

1556-5068

Jeffrey J. Thompson, Ronaldo Gonçalves Morato, Bernardo Brandão Niebuhr, Vanesa Bejarano Alegre, Júlia Emi de Faria Oshima, Alan de Barros, Agustín Paviolo, J. Antonio de la Torre, Fernando Lima, Roy McBride, Rogério Cunha de Paula, Laury Cullen, Leandro Silveira, Daniel Luis Zanella Kantek, Emiliano Esterci Ramalho, Louise Maranhão, Mario Haberfeld, Dênis A. Sana, Rodrigo A. Medellín, Eduardo Carrillo, Victor Mantalvo, Octavio Monroy‐Vilchis, Paula Cruz, Anah T. A. Jácomo, Giselle Bastos Alves, Ivonne Cassaigne, Ron Thompson, Carolina Sáenz‐Bolaños, Juan Carlos Hinojosa Cruz, Luis Diego Alfaro, Isabel Hagnauer, Marina da Silva, Alexandre Vogliotti, Marcela Figuerêdo Duarte Moraes, Selma Samiko Miyazaki, Gediendson Ribeiro de Araújo, Leanes Cruz da Silva, Lucas Leuzinger, Marina Mouzinho Carvalho, Lilian Elaine Rampim, Leonardo Sartorello, Howard Quigley, Fernando Rodrigo Tortato, Rafael Hoogesteijn, Peter G. Crawshaw, Allison L. Devlin, Joares Adenílson May-Júnior, George V. N. Powell, Mathias W. Tobler, Samia E. Carrillo‐Percastegui, Esteban Payán, Fernando César Cascelli de Azevedo, Henrique Villas Boas Concone, Verónica Quiroga, Sebasian Costa, Juan Pablo Arrabal, Ezequiel Vanderhoeven, Yamil Di Blanco, Alexandre Martins Costa Lopes, Milton Cézar Ribeiro,

Evolution and Paleontology Studies

Large terrestrial carnivores are have undergone some of the largest population and range reductions of any species which is of concern as they have disproportionately large effects on ecosystem dynamics and function. The jaguar is the apex predator throughout the majority of the Neotropics, however, its distribution has been reduced by >50% and throughout the majority of its distribution it survives in increasingly isolated populations. Consequently, the range-wide management of the jaguar (Panthera onca) depends upon maintaining core populations connected through multi-national, transboundary cooperation, which is dependent upon understanding the movement ecology and space use of jaguars throughout their range. Using data from 116 jaguars from 13 ecoregions and seven countries, we examined the landscape-level environmental and anthropogenic factors related to jaguar home range size and movement parameters. Range-wide and at the ecoregional scale home range size decreased with increasing net productivity and increased with increasing road density. Also, range-wide, home range size decreased with increasing forest cover and decreasing human population density. Movement within home ranges was best explained by a different set of environmental covariates. Range-wide predictions of home range size were consistent with expectations based upon available density estimates. Using large-scale collaboration and open source data we overcame typical limitations of small sample sizes and limited geographic distribution of large carnivore data to demonstrate the jaguar as a model organism and in doing so provide a mechanism to evaluate range-wide habitat quality for jaguars and an inferential modeling framework adaptable to the conservation of other large terrestrial carnivores.