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First Report of Botryosphaeria dothidea Causing Stem Canker on Soybean in China

2020; American Phytopathological Society; Volume: 105; Issue: 4 Linguagem: Inglês

10.1094/pdis-11-20-2398-pdn

1943-7692

T.-M. Chen, Xin‐Chi Shi, S.-Y. Wang, Pedro Laborda,

Plant Disease Management Techniques

HomePlant DiseaseVol. 105, No. 4First Report of Botryosphaeria dothidea Causing Stem Canker on Soybean in China PreviousNext DISEASE NOTES OPENOpen Access licenseFirst Report of Botryosphaeria dothidea Causing Stem Canker on Soybean in ChinaT.-M. Chen, X.-C. Shi, S.-Y. Wang, and P. LabordaT.-M. ChenSchool of Life Sciences, Nantong University, Nantong 226019, People's Republic of China, X.-C. Shi†Corresponding authors: X.-C. Shi; E-mail Address: shxch0301@ntu.edu.cn and S.-Y. Wang; E-mail Address: wangsuyan@ntu.edu.cn P. Laborda; E-mail Address: pedro@ntu.edu.cnSchool of Life Sciences, Nantong University, Nantong 226019, People's Republic of China, S.-Y. Wang†Corresponding authors: X.-C. Shi; E-mail Address: shxch0301@ntu.edu.cn and S.-Y. Wang; E-mail Address: wangsuyan@ntu.edu.cn P. Laborda; E-mail Address: pedro@ntu.edu.cnSchool of Life Sciences, Nantong University, Nantong 226019, People's Republic of China, and P. Laborda†Corresponding authors: X.-C. Shi; E-mail Address: shxch0301@ntu.edu.cn and S.-Y. Wang; E-mail Address: wangsuyan@ntu.edu.cn P. Laborda; E-mail Address: pedro@ntu.edu.cnhttp://orcid.org/0000-0002-4251-4670School of Life Sciences, Nantong University, Nantong 226019, People's Republic of China AffiliationsAuthors and Affiliations T.-M. Chen X.-C. Shi † S.-Y. Wang † P. Laborda † School of Life Sciences, Nantong University, Nantong 226019, People's Republic of China Published Online:23 Mar 2021https://doi.org/10.1094/PDIS-11-20-2398-PDNAboutSectionsView articlePDFPDF PlusSupplemental ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack Citations ShareShare onFacebookTwitterLinked InRedditEmailWechat View articleIn September 2020, widespread stem canker on soybean (Glycine max) was detected in southeastern Jiangsu (Nantong municipality; 120.76° E, 32.23° N) in China. Mature plants, 14 weeks of cultivation, exhibited brown necrotic lesions and a dried-up stem. The symptoms were observed in 11 soybean fields, 1.6 ha in total, and approximately 80% of the plants were symptomatic. The symptoms were consistent with those previously reported for stem canker on soybean caused by Diaporthe aspalathi, D. caulivora, and D. sojae (Ghimire et al. 2019; Mena et al. 2020). Small pieces, approximately 0.4 cm2 in size, of symptomatic tissue were surface sterilized in 1.5% NaOCl for 1 min and washed twice with sterile ddH2O. The pathogen was isolated and cultured on potato dextrose agar (PDA), containing chloramphenicol (50 µg/ml), under darkness at 28°C for 7 days. Amplification of internal transcribed spacer (ITS), elongation factor 1-α (EF1-α), and β-tubulin (TUB2) genes was performed using ITS1/ITS4, EF1-728F/EF1-986R, and Bt2a/Bt2b primers, respectively (Jia et al. 2019). Sequences were submitted to GenBank under accession numbers MW130133 (ITS), MW147481 (EF1-α), and MW147482 (TUB2). BLAST search revealed that the amplified sequences had 99.65% (ITS; Botryosphaeria dothidea JZB310202, MN945381), 100% (EF1-α; B. dothidea ZB-77, MH726166), and 99.75% (TUB2; B. dothidea ZB-1, MN642587) matches to multiple B. dothidea strains, whereas all reported Diaporthe strains showed no nucleotide identity to the amplified sequences. A molecular phylogenetic tree was constructed using MEGA7 to confirm the identity of the pathogen. ITS, EF1-α, and TUB2 sequences were blasted separately in Muscle (https://www.ebi.ac.uk/Tools/msa/muscle/) and then combined together to make the phylogenetic tree. The evolutionary history was inferred by using the maximum likelihood method based on the Tamura three-parameter model, and the tree with the highest likelihood (–4,291.3981) is shown in the supplementary material. Diaporthe strains found causing stem canker on soybean, some Phytophthora sojae strains (which also cause a dried-up stem on soybean) (Yang et al. 2019), and B. dothidea strains found in China in other hosts were included in the phylogenetic tree. To confirm pathogenicity, a sterilized spatula was used to make wounds (3 mm diameter, 1 mm depth) on the stem of 2-week-old soybean plants. Mycelial plugs from a 7-day-old culture on PDA were placed on the wounds and covered with Parafilm. Sterilized PDA plugs were used as a control. Inoculated plants were maintained in a growth chamber at 28°C and 60% relative humidity. Typical stem canker symptoms were observed 5 days after inoculation. Microscope observations showed the presence of septate mycelium, fusiform conidia, and round conidiomata, and agreed with those previously reported for the morphology of B. dothidea strains (Phillips et al. 2013). During recent months, B. dothidea was reported to cause stem canker and leaf wilt on a number of plant species in China (Huang et al. 2021; Ju et al. 2021; Wang et al. 2020a, 2020b, 2021), confirming the expansion and host promiscuity of this pathogen. Stem canker on soybean has been thoroughly associated to Diaporthe strains; however, this is the first report of B. dothidea causing this disease. We believe that our results will help to better understand the pathogens affecting soybean production in China.The author(s) declare no conflict of interest.References:Ghimire, K., et al. 2019. Plant Dis. 103:677. https://doi.org/10.1094/PDIS-06-18-1078-RE Link, ISI, Google ScholarHuang, Y., et al. 2021. Plant Dis. doi.org/10.1094/PDIS-05-20-1074-PDN Google ScholarJia, J. Y., et al. 2019. Plant Dis. 103:3280. https://doi.org/10.1094/PDIS-05-19-1114-PDN Link, Google ScholarJu, Y., et al. 2021. 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New Phytol. 222:425. https://doi.org/10.1111/nph.15581 Crossref, ISI, Google ScholarThe author(s) declare no conflict of interest.Funding: Funding was provided by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (3201101306).DetailsFiguresLiterature CitedRelated Vol. 105, No. 4 April 2021SubscribeISSN:0191-2917e-ISSN:1943-7692 DownloadCaptionLeaf symptom of field-grown 'Hayward' kiwifruit plant infected with Actinidia virus (L. Zhao et al.). Photo credit: L. Zhao. Leaf spot of Italian ryegrass naturally infected by Alternaria alternata (X. K. Wei et al.). Photo credit: L. H. Xue. Leaf of Ficus carica displaying symptoms of fig mosaic disease (S. Preising et al.). Photo credit: W. L. da Silva. Metrics Downloaded 713 times Article History Issue Date: 21 Apr 2021Published: 23 Mar 2021First Look: 17 Dec 2020Accepted: 15 Dec 2020 Pages: 1216-1216 Information© 2021 The American Phytopathological SocietyFundingNational Natural Science Foundation of ChinaGrant/Award Number: 3201101306KeywordsGlycine maxfungicausal agentBotryosphaeria dothideasoybean pathogensThe author(s) declare no conflict of interest.PDF downloadCited ByAntifungal Mechanism and Efficacy of Kojic Acid for the Control of Sclerotinia sclerotiorum in Soybean11 March 2022 | Frontiers in Plant Science, Vol. 13First Report of Botryosphaeria dothidea Causing Gray Mold on Tartary Buckwheat in Southwest ChinaYong Tang, Jun Yan, Yan Peng, WenFeng Weng, Xin Yao, Anjing Gao, JianPing Cheng, JingJun Ruan, and Kaixuan Zhang31 January 2022 | Plant Disease, Vol. 106, No. 2First Report of Botryosphaeria dothidea as a Causal Agent to Stem Rot Disease on Plumcot Trees in KoreaChang-Gi Back, Walftor Dumin, You-Kyung Han, Yeong-Seuk Bae, and Jong-Han Park9 January 2022 | Plant Disease, Vol. 106, No. 1The first detection of Botryosphaeria sinensis on white lupinePLANT PROTECTION NEWS, Vol. 104, No. 4