Brazil in the Face of COVID-19: Tragedy and Political Choices
2020; Taylor & Francis; Volume: 63; Issue: 1 Linguagem: Inglês
10.1080/00139157.2021.1842710
ISSN1939-9154
Autores Tópico(s)Rural Development and Agriculture
ResumoClick to increase image sizeClick to decrease image size NOTESNotes1 José Maurício Domingues, “From Global Risk to Global Threat: State Capabilities and Modernity in Times of Coronavirus,” Current Sociology (online first, 2020); José Maurício Domingues, “Coronavirus and Social Change,” in Breno Bringel and Geoffrey Pleyers, eds., Risk, Crisis and Transitions: Global Perspectives on the Pandemic (Bristol: Policy Press—Bristol University Press, 2020, forthcoming).2 J. M. Domingues, Critical Theory and Political Modernity (New York: Palgrave Macmillan, 2019); J. M. Domingues, “From Global Risk to Global Threat”; David P. Fidler, “The World Health Organization and Pandemic Politics,” Think Global Health, Council on Foreign Relations, 2020), https://www.thinkglobalhealth.org/article/world-health-organization-and-pandemic-politics.3 This is the standard vocabulary of the United Nations and connected organizations, which must be politicized so that we can get a proper view of the notions it employs and how they are concretely dealt with. See UN/ISDR, Nations Inter-Agency Secretariat of the International Strategy for Disaster Reduction, Living with Risk: A Global Review of Disaster Reduction Initiatives, vol. 1 (Geneva, Switzerland: United Nations, 2004); J. M. Domingues, “Coronavirus and Social Change.”4 In this and the following sections I draw upon the main Brazilian news sites and newspapers (G1, O Globo, Folha de São Paulo, Estado de São Paulo, Valor) for information, as well as upon a large number of magazines and independent sites consulted on a daily basis since the start of the sanitary, economic, and, in the case of Brazil, also political crisis. Since Bolsonaro changed the time of liberation of national data on COVID-19, in order to dampen the impact of the increasing number of deaths, mainstream press vehicles created a consortium to collect, consolidate, and broadcast the main data relative to the pandemic in the country. See also the sites of Abrasco—Brazilian Association of Collective Health (https://www.abrasco.org.br/site) and the Fiocruz Foundation (https://portal.fiocruz.br/sites). An initial and shorter version of this article came out as J. M. Domingues, “Brazil: Half-Blind in the Coronavirus Crisis,” Working Papers, Covid-19, States and Societies Series, South Africa, PARI, 2020, https://pari.org.za/covid-19-states-and-societies-brazil.5 Gilberto Hochman, The Sanitation of Brazil: Nation, State, and Public Health, 1889–1930 (Chicago, IL: University of Illinois Press, [1998] 2016); Antonio Carlos Martins de Camargo, “As contradições da política de saúde no Brasil. O Instituto Butantan”, São Paulo em Perspectiva 16, no. 4 (2020): 64–72, https://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0102-88392002000400011.6 Gilson Carvalho, “A saúde pública no Brasil”, Estudos Avançados 27, no. 78 (2013): 7–26, https://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0103-40142013000200002; Daniela Tranches de Melo, Movimentos sociais e institucionalização de políticas públicas de saúde no Brasil. A experiência do movimento sanitário e do Sistema Único de Saúde (Rio de Janeiro, Brazil: Mauad, 2015).7 María José Luzuriaga, Privados de la salud. Las políticas de privatización de los sistemas de la salud en Argentina, Brasil, Chile y Colombia (São Paulo, Brazil: Hucitec, 2018).8 Carlos Machado de Freitas, Isadora Voda de Mefano e Silva, and Natália da Cunha, “Covid-19 as a Global Disaster: Challenges to Risk Governance and Social Vulnerability in Brazil,” Ambiente & Sociedade 23 (2020): 1–12, https://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?pid=S1414-753X2020000100906&script=sci_arttext.9 Ligia Bahia, “Desigualdades e desacertos,” O Globo, 9 September 2020, https://oglobo.globo.com/opiniao/desigualdades-desacertos-24629280.10 These data are taken from the APIB (Indigenous Peoples of Brazil Articulation) site (http://apib.info/), https://www.socioambiental.org/pt-br/noticias-socioambientais/xingu-contra-a-covid-19-de-norte-a-sul-parceiros-se-articulam-para-enfrentar-pandemia.11 “Barroso determina que governo complemente plano para conter Covid-19 em tribos indígenas,” Notícias do Supremo, 7 August 2020, http://www.stf.jus.br/portal/cms/verNoticiaDetalhe.asp?idConteudo=449193.12 Imperial College London, “Short-Term Forecasts of Covid-19 Deaths in Multiple Countries,” https://mrc-ide.github.io/covid19-short-term-forecasts/index.html.13 José Eustáquio Diniz Alves, “Diário da Covid-19: Brasil tem grande queda de casos e de mortes,” #Colabora, 13 September 2020, https://projetocolabora.com.br/ods3/brasil-tem-grande-queda-de-casos-e-mortes-pela-covid-19/?fbclid=IwAR3myo5cymasx2h82u6_DQJUwKwx9j0IN6V5IHUpPptDWXa_zo5iyw8DYyM.14 “Fiocruz e AstraZeneca alinham detalhes para produção de vacina para Covid-19,” Portal Fiocruz, 8 August 2020, https://portal.fiocruz.br/noticia/fiocruz-e-astrazeneca-alinham-detalhes-para-producao-de-vacina-para-covid-19.15 “Le Brésil, terrain pour l’expérimentation pour les vacccins contre le Covid-19,” Le Monde, 15 September 2020, https://www.lemonde.fr/planete/article/2020/09/15/le-bresil-terrain-d-experimentation-pour-les-vaccins-contre-le-covid-19_6052192_3244.html. In late October Bolsonaro got into an argument with São Paulo’s governor João Doria, stating that the federal government will not buy the Chinese vaccine. After all, China is a "communist" country and Doria has become his adversary.16 Darlan S. Candido et al., “Evolution and Epidemic Spread of SARS-CoV-2 in Brazil,” Science (2020), 10.1126/Science.abc2161, https://science.sciencemag.org/content/369/6508/1255.17 “Environmental Minister Is Really ‘Running the Cattle Through,’” The Brazilian Report, 28 May 2020, https://brazilian.report/environment/2020/05/28/environment-minister-really-running-cattle-herd-through-amazon.18 Myanna Lahsen, Mercedes M. C. Bustamante, and Eloi Dalla-Nora L., “Undervaluing and Overexploiting the Brazilian Cerrado at Our Peril,” Environment: Science and Policy for Sustainable Development 58, no. 6 (2016): 4–15, http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00139157.2016.1229537; Eder Johnson de Area Leão Pereira, Paulo Jorge Silveira Ferreira, Luiz Carlos de Santa Ribeiro, Terciani Sabadini Carvalho, and Hernane Borges de Barros Pereira, “Policy in Brazil (2016–2019) Threatens Conservation of the Amazon Rainforest, Environmental Science and Policy for Sustainable Development 100 (2019): 8–12, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envsci.2019.06.001; Marcelo C. C. Stabile, André L. Guimarães, Daniel S. Silva, Vivian Ribeiro, Marcia N. Macedo, Michael T. Coe, Erika Pinto, Paulo Moutinho, and Ane Alencar, “Solving Brazil’s Land Use Puzzle: Increasing Production and Slowing Amazon Deforestation,” Land Use Policy 91 (2020): 104362, https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0264837719309809.19 “Ministério quer reduzir meta de preservação oficial da Amazônia para 2023,” Valor, 04 August 2020, https://valor.globo.com/brasil/noticia/2020/08/04/ministerio-quer-reduzir-meta-oficial-de-preservacao-da-amazonia.ghtml; Juacy da Silva, “Pantanal, Cerrado e Amazônia em chamas,” Ecodebate, 17 August 2020, https://www.ecodebate.com.br/2020/08/17/pantanal-cerrado-e-amazonia-em-chamas; “In Brazil It’s Not Just the Amazon That’s Burning. The World’s Largest Wetland Is on Fire Too,” Reuters—The Wider Image, 14 September 2020, https://widerimage.reuters.com/story/in-brazil-its-not-just-the-amazon-thats-burning-the-worlds-largest-wetland-is-on-fire-too.Additional informationNotes on contributorsJosé Maurício DominguesJosé Maurício Domingues holds a Ph.D. in sociology from the London School of Economics and Political Science. He teaches at the Institute for Social and Political Studies of Rio de Janeiro State University (IESP-UERJ) and is a CNPq Senior Researcher. He received the Anneliese Maier Research Award from the Alexander von Humboldt Foundation in 2018. His latest book is Critical Theory and Political Modernity (New York: Palgrave Macmillan, 2019).The research for this article was funded by the CNPq of the Brazilian Ministry for Science and Technology, FAPERJ, and the Alexander von Humboldt Foundation.
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