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Here, There, and Everywhere: The Wide Host Range and Geographic Distribution of Zoonotic Orthopoxviruses

2020; Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute; Volume: 13; Issue: 1 Linguagem: Inglês

10.3390/v13010043

1999-4915

Natália Ingrid Oliveira Silva, Jaqueline Silva de Oliveira, Erna Geessien Kroon, Giliane de Souza Trindade, Betânia Paiva Drumond,

Herpesvirus Infections and Treatments

The global emergence of zoonotic viruses, including poxviruses, poses one of the greatest threats to human and animal health. Forty years after the eradication of smallpox, emerging zoonotic orthopoxviruses, such as monkeypox, cowpox, and vaccinia viruses continue to infect humans as well as wild and domestic animals. Currently, the geographical distribution of poxviruses in a broad range of hosts worldwide raises concerns regarding the possibility of outbreaks or viral dissemination to new geographical regions. Here, we review the global host ranges and current epidemiological understanding of zoonotic orthopoxviruses while focusing on orthopoxviruses with epidemic potential, including monkeypox, cowpox, and vaccinia viruses.