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Promises and Challenges of Next-Generation “Beyond Li-ion” Batteries for Electric Vehicles and Grid Decarbonization

2020; American Chemical Society; Volume: 121; Issue: 3 Linguagem: Inglês

10.1021/acs.chemrev.0c00767

1520-6890

Yaosen Tian, Guobo Zeng, Ann Rutt, Tan Shi, Haegyeom Kim, Jingyang Wang, Julius Koettgen, Yingzhi Sun, Bin Ouyang, Tina Chen, Zhengyan Lun, Ziqin Rong, Kristin A. Persson, Gerbrand Ceder,

Advanced Battery Materials and Technologies

The tremendous improvement in performance and cost of lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) have made them the technology of choice for electrical energy storage. While established battery chemistries and cell architectures for Li-ion batteries achieve good power and energy density, LIBs are unlikely to meet all the performance, cost, and scaling targets required for energy storage, in particular, in large-scale applications such as electrified transportation and grids. The demand to further reduce cost and/or increase energy density, as well as the growing concern related to natural resource needs for Li-ion have accelerated the investigation of so-called "beyond Li-ion" technologies. In this review, we will discuss the recent achievements, challenges, and opportunities of four important "beyond Li-ion" technologies: Na-ion batteries, K-ion batteries, all-solid-state batteries, and multivalent batteries. The fundamental science behind the challenges, and potential solutions toward the goals of a low-cost and/or high-energy-density future, are discussed in detail for each technology. While it is unlikely that any given new technology will fully replace Li-ion in the near future, "beyond Li-ion" technologies should be thought of as opportunities for energy storage to grow into mid/large-scale applications.