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Endocrine Dysfunction in Children with Zika-Related Microcephaly Who Were Born during the 2015 Epidemic in the State of Pernambuco, Brazil

2020; Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute; Volume: 13; Issue: 1 Linguagem: Inglês

10.3390/v13010001

1999-4915

Andréia Veras Gonçalves, Demócrito de Barros Miranda-Filho, Líbia Cristina Rocha Vilela, Regina Coeli Ferreira Ramos, Thália Velho Barreto de Araújo, Rômulo A. L. de Vasconcelos, Maria Ângela Wanderley Rocha, Sophie Helena Eickmann, Marli Tenório Cordeiro, Liana O. Ventura, Ulísses Ramos Montarroyos, Alessandra Mertens Brainer, Maria Durce Costa Gomes, Paula Fabiana Sobral da Silva, Celina Maria Turchi Martelli, Elizabeth B. Brickley, Ricardo A. A. Ximenes,

Virology and Viral Diseases

Congenital viral infections and the occurrence of septo-optic dysplasia, which is a combination of optic nerve hypoplasia, abnormal formation of structures along the midline of the brain, and pituitary hypofunction, support the biological plausibility of endocrine dysfunction in Zika-related microcephaly. In this case series we ascertained the presence and describe endocrine dysfunction in 30 children with severe Zika-related microcephaly from the MERG Pediatric Cohort, referred for endocrinological evaluation between February and August 2019. Of the 30 children, 97% had severe microcephaly. The average age at the endocrinological consultation was 41 months and 53% were female. The most frequently observed endocrine dysfunctions comprised short stature, hypothyroidism, obesity and variants early puberty. These dysfunctions occurred alone 57% or in combination 43%. We found optic nerve hypoplasia (6/21) and corpus callosum hypoplasia (20/21). Seizure crises were reported in 86% of the children. The most common—and clinically important—endocrine dysfunctions were pubertal dysfunctions, thyroid disease, growth impairment, and obesity. These dysfunctions require careful monitoring and signal the need for endocrinological evaluation in children with Zika-related microcephaly, in order to make early diagnoses and implement appropriate treatment when necessary.