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Sex differences in deterioration of sleep properties associated with aging: a 12-year longitudinal cohort study

2021; American Academy of Sleep Medicine; Volume: 17; Issue: 5 Linguagem: Inglês

10.5664/jcsm.9072

1550-9397

Hyeon Jin Kim, Regina E. Y. Kim, Soriul Kim, Sol Ah Kim, Song E. Kim, Seung Ku Lee, Hyang Woon Lee, Chol Shin,

Circadian rhythm and melatonin

Study Objectives: The sleep patterns of humans are greatly influenced by age and sex and have various effects on overall health as they change continuously during the lifespan.We investigated age-dependent changes in sleep properties and their relation to sex in middle-aged individuals.Methods: We analyzed data from 2,640 participants (mean age of 49.8 ± 6.8 years at baseline, 50.6% women) in the Korean Genome and Epidemiology Study, which assessed sleep habits using the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index and other clinical characteristics.We analyzed the sleep habit changes that occurred between baseline and a follow-up point (mean interval: 12.00 ± 0.16 years).Associations of age and sex with 9 sleep characteristics were evaluated.Results: Age was associated with most of the sleep characteristics cross-sectionally and longitudinally (P <.05), except for the time in bed at baseline (P =.455) and change in sleep duration (P =.561).Compared with men, women had higher Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index scores, shorter time in bed, shorter sleep duration, and longer latency at baseline (P ≤ .001).Longitudinal deterioration in Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index score, habitual sleep efficiency, duration, and latency was more prominent in women (P <.001).The sex differences in these longitudinal sleep changes were mainly noticeable before age 60 years (P <.05).Worsening of Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index scores, habitual sleep efficiency, and latency was most evident in perimenopausal women.Men presented with greater advancement of chronotype (P = .006),with the peak sex-related difference occurring when they were in their late 40s (P = .048).Conclusions: Aging is associated with substantial deterioration in sleep quantity and quality as well as chronotype advancement, with the degree and timing of these changes differing by sex.