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Geared Steam Turbines

1912; Springer Nature; Volume: 74; Issue: 1925supp Linguagem: Inglês

10.1038/scientificamerican11231912-323supp

1946-7087

William H. White,

High Temperature Alloys and Creep

NDvember 23, 1912 as rl'ference it!made to chemical patents.Few, in deed, realize that SDme ..of the chemical processes have brDught abDut far-reaching develDpments nDt .only in .otherindustries, but in civilizatiDn itself; we might mentiDn, fDr instance, the GDDdyear rubber prDcess, which made the autDmDbile pDssible, the inventiDn .ofdynamite withDUt which gigantic engineering enter prises like the Panama Canal wDuld be utterly.imPDs sible, the cellulDse prDcesses, which cDntribute mDre to the diff usiDn .ofknDwledge and culture by the print ing press than any .otherfactDr, the Bessemer Steel process which furnished us cheaply and abundantly the main raw material fDr all .ourengineering, the synthetic processes .of the CDal tar prDducts which brDught fDrth the mDst astDunding series .ofapplica tiDns in therapeutics, surgery, hygiene, art, and general technDIDgy, etc. Fewer still are aware that mDst chemi cal patents are sD-called "prDcess patents," and .onthis accDunt are least prDtected against pirating in fringers, WhD always lay in wait fDr the piDneer, as SDDn as the latter has, after untiring effDrts, succeeded in demDnstrating the value .of a new prDCl'SS.Only thDse WhD have passed thrDugh the wDrry and trying .ordeal.ofpiDneership, knDW what it means tD bring tD success ful issue a Dew untried chemil!al prDcess.Even the theDrE'tica l Dr labDratDry chemist, WhD never was engaged in any industrial piDneer wDrk himself, can hardly cDnceive that after an inventiDn has been thDrDughly studied in the labDra, tDry, nay eyen after it has been run .ona small industrial scale, in mDst cases, .onlyabDut ten per cent .of the real wDrk SCIENTIFIC AMERICAN SUPPLEMENT .ofpiDneering has been accDmplished.In the majDrity .ofcases, lack .offunds, lack .ofmanufacturing talent, defective cDmmercial DrganizatiDn, and many .othercDnditiDns bring fDrth failure, SDrrDW and financial IDSS .Again, in many instances, it is easier tD make the inventiDn and tD bring it tD technical perfection, than to persuade the public .ofits advantages.The latter attempt means IDng tactful and expensive educatiDnal wDrk.Unless the piDneer feels that fDr a shDrt periDd at least, he may have the absDlute mDnDpDly .ofhis inventiDns, what inducement is there to sacrifice his time and mDnE'Y .on a result already tDD dDubtful in