Crowdsourcing Ideas as an Emerging Form of Multistakeholder Participation in Internet Governance
2015; Wiley; Volume: 7; Issue: 3 Linguagem: Inglês
10.1002/poi3.99
ISSN1944-2866
AutoresRoxana Radu, Nicolo Zingales, Enrico Calandro,
Tópico(s)Social Media and Politics
ResumoPolicy & InternetVolume 7, Issue 3 p. 362-382 Research Article Crowdsourcing Ideas as an Emerging Form of Multistakeholder Participation in Internet Governance Roxana Radu, Roxana RaduSearch for more papers by this authorNicolo Zingales, Nicolo ZingalesSearch for more papers by this authorEnrico Calandro, Enrico CalandroSearch for more papers by this author Roxana Radu, Roxana RaduSearch for more papers by this authorNicolo Zingales, Nicolo ZingalesSearch for more papers by this authorEnrico Calandro, Enrico CalandroSearch for more papers by this author First published: 14 August 2015 https://doi.org/10.1002/poi3.99Citations: 12Read the full textAboutPDF ToolsRequest permissionExport citationAdd to favoritesTrack citation ShareShare Give accessShare full text accessShare full-text accessPlease review our Terms and Conditions of Use and check box below to share full-text version of article.I have read and accept the Wiley Online Library Terms and Conditions of UseShareable LinkUse the link below to share a full-text version of this article with your friends and colleagues. Learn more.Copy URL Share a linkShare onEmailFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditWechat Abstract The online crowdsourcing of ideas for institutional change and legislation drafting has been widely adopted by public bodies from the local to the international level, for improving legitimacy, transparency, and accountability. In multistakeholder set-ups, such an approach seems to fulfill the promise of openness, real-time engagement and cross-fertilization of ideas. Global Internet policy-making appears as a natural experiment for harnessing the potential of crowdsourcing, in particular, as a means to restore trust after the Snowden revelations of mass surveillance. This article investigates two key initiatives of online collective brainstorming for digital policies: ICANN's Strategy Panel on Multistakeholder Innovation and the NETmundial process, highlighting the merits and limitations of crowdsourcing as an emerging form of multistakeholder participation. Our findings underscore the need for leveraging sufficient community interest for substantial input; defining procedures for the collection and screening of inputs; and committing to institutionalizing rules for incorporating feedback. References Brabham, D. 2008. " Crowdsourcing as a Model for Problem Solving: An Introduction and Cases." Convergence: The International Journal of Research Into New Media Technologies 14 (1): 75–90. 10.1177/1354856507084420 Google Scholar Brabham, D. 2012. " Crowdsourcing: A Model for Leveraging Online Communities." In The Participatory Cultures Handbook, eds. A.A. Delwiche, and J.J. Henderson. New York: Routledge, 120–29. Google Scholar Calandro, E., A. Gillwald, and N. Zingales. 2013. "Mapping Multistakeholderism in Internet Governance: Implications for Africa." Research ICT Africa. http://www.researchictafrica.net/docs/Mapping_Multistakeholderism_in_Internet_Governance.pdf. Google Scholar Chattapadhai, S. 2014. NETmundial—Which Countries Have Not Submitted Contributions to NETmundial? April 22. http://cis-india.org/internet-governance/blog/net-mundial-which-countries-have-not-contributed-to-net-mundial. Google Scholar Chenou, J.-M., and R. Radu. 2014. " Global Internet Policy: A Fifteen-Year Long Debate." In The Evolution of Global Internet Governance: Principles and Policies in the Making, eds. R. Radu, J.M. Chenou, and R.H. Weber. Berlin and New York: Springer, 3–19. Google Scholar CircleID. 2013. Brazil to Host Internet Governance Summit. October 10. http://www.circleid.com/posts/brazil_to_host_internet_governance_summit/. Google Scholar DeNardis, L., and M. Raymond. 2013. "Thinking Clearly About Multistakeholder Internet Governance." Paper presented at the 8th GigaNet Symposium, October 21, Bali, Indonesia. http://www.phibetaiota.net/wp-content/uploads/2013/11/Multistakeholder-Internet-Governance.pdf. Google Scholar Dunleavy, P., H. Margetts, S. Bastow, and J. Tinkler. 2006. " New Public Management Is Dead—Long Live Digital-Era Governance." Journal of Public Administration Research and Theory 16 (3): 467–94. 10.1093/jopart/mui057 Web of Science®Google Scholar Gurstein, M. 2013. Multistakeholderism vs. Democracy: My Adventures in "Stakeholderland." https://gurstein.wordpress.com/2013/03/20/multistakeholderism-vs-democracy-my-adventures-in-stakeholderland/. Google Scholar Hilgers, D., and C. Ihl. 2010. " Citizensourcing: Applying the Concept of Open Innovation to the Public Sector." International Journal of Public Participation 4 (1): 67–88. Google Scholar Howe, J. 2006a. Crowdsourcing: A Definition. June 2. http://crowdsourcing.typepad.com/cs/2006/06/crowdsourcing_a.html. Google Scholar Howe, J. 2006b. " The Rise of Crowdsourcing." Wired 14 (6). http://archive.wired.com/wired/archive/14.06/crowds.html. Web of Science®Google Scholar ICANN. 2013. ICANN Strategy Panels Launched. July 15. https://www.icann.org/news/announcement-2013-07-15-en. Google Scholar Lukensmeyer, C.J., and L.H. Torres. 2008. " Citizensourcing: Citizen Participation in a Networked Nation." In Civic Engagement in a Network Society, eds. K. Yang and E. Bergrud. Charlotte, NC: Information Age Publishing, 207–33. Google Scholar Maciel, M., N. Zingales, and D. Fink. 2015. "NoC Internet Governance Case Studies Series: The Global Multistakeholder Meeting on the Future of Internet Governance (NETmundial)." Berkman Center Research Publication No. 2015–1. Google Scholar McDonough, J., and S. McDonough. 1997. Research Methods for English Language Teachers. London: Arnold. Google Scholar Meuwese, A.C.M. 2013. " Popular Constitution-Making. The Case of Iceland." In The Social and Political Foundations of Constitutions, eds. D. Galligan and M. Versteeg. New York: Cambridge University Press, 469–96. 10.1017/CBO9781139507509.021 Google Scholar Mueller, M. 2004. Ruling the Root: Internet Governance and the Taming of Cyberspace. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press. Google Scholar NETmundial Secretariat. 2014. Draft Outcome Document Public Consultation: Final Report on Comments. http://netmundial.br/wp-content/uploads/2014/04/NETmundialPublicConsultation-FinalReport20140421.pdf. Google Scholar NGO and Academic ICANN Study. 2001. "ICANN, Legitimacy, and the Public Voice: Making Global Participation and Representation Work." On file with the authors. Google Scholar Niemeyer, S.J. 2011. " The Emancipatory Effect of Deliberation: Empirical Lessons From Mini-Publics." Politics & Society 39 (1): 103–40. 10.1177/0032329210395000 Web of Science®Google Scholar NTIA, Office of Public Affairs. 2014. NTIA Announces Internet to Transition Key Internet Domain Name Functions. March 14. http://www.ntia.doc.gov/press-release/2014/ntia-announces-intent-transition-key-internet-domain-name-functions. Google Scholar Palfrey, J., C. Chen, S. Hwang, and N. Eisenkraft. 2003. "Public Participation in ICANN. A Preliminary Study." Berkman Center for Internet & Society at Harvard Law School. http://cyber.law.harvard.edu/icann/publicparticipation/. Google Scholar Phys Org. 2014. Brazil to Host Internet Governance Summit Next Year. October 9. http://phys.org/news/2013-10-brazil-host-internet-summit-year.html. Google Scholar Radunovic, V. 2014. Predicting NETmundial: What Does Data-Mining the Contributions Tell Us? April 18. http://www.diplomacy.edu/blog/predicting-netmundial-what-does-data-mining-contributions-tell-us. Google Scholar Ragin, C. 1987. The Comparative Method: Moving Beyond Qualitative and Quantitative Strategies. Berkeley and Los Angeles: University of California Press. Web of Science®Google Scholar Rhodes, R. 1996. " The New Governance: Governing Without Government." Political Studies XLIV: 652–67. 10.1111/j.1467-9248.1996.tb01747.x Web of Science®Google Scholar Rosen, P. 2011. " Crowdsourcing Lessons for Organizations." Journal of Decision Systems 20 (3): 309–24. 10.3166/jds.20.309-324 Google Scholar Rosenau, J., and E. Czempiel. 1992. Governing Without Government. Order and Change in World Politics. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. 10.1017/CBO9780511521775 Google Scholar RT. 2013. Brazil to Host Global Internet Summit in Ongoing Fight Against NSA Surveillance. October 10. http://rt.com/news/brazil-internet-summit-fight-nsa-006/. Google Scholar RT. 2014. WikiLeaks Release: Internet Governance Body Trying to Stop NSA Surveillance. April 8. http://rt.com/usa/wikileaks-netmundial-internet-governance-221/. Google Scholar Tapscott, D., and A.D. Williams. 2006. Wikinomics: How Mass Collaboration Changes Everything. Brentford, UK: Portfolio Books. Google Scholar Von Hippel, E. 2005. Democratizing Innovation. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press. 10.7551/mitpress/2333.001.0001 Google Scholar WSIS. 2005. The Tunis Agenda for the Information Society. Document WSIS-05/TUNIS/DOC/6(Rev. 1)-E [online], November 18. http://www.itu.int/wsis/documents/doc_multi.asp?lang=en&id=2316|0. Google Scholar Yin, R.K. 1984. Case Study Research: Design and Methods. Beverly Hills, CA: Sage Publications. Google Scholar Citing Literature Volume7, Issue3September 2015Pages 362-382 ReferencesRelatedInformation
Referência(s)