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Ebola virus antibody decay–stimulation in a high proportion of survivors

2021; Nature Portfolio; Volume: 590; Issue: 7846 Linguagem: Inglês

10.1038/s41586-020-03146-y

1476-4687

Charlene Adaken, J. T. Scott, Raman Sharma, Robin Gopal, Steven Dicks, Saidia Niazi, Samreen Ijaz, Tansy Edwards, Catherine C. Smith, Christine Princess Cole, Philip Kamara, Osman Kargbo, Heidi Doughty, Johan van Griensven, Peter Horby, Sahr M. Gevao, Foday Sahr, Malcolm G. Semple, J. T. Scott, Sahr M. Gevao, Foday Sahr, Christine Princess Cole, James B. Russell, Samuel Baker, Osman Kargbo, P. Kamara, Marta Lado, Colin Brown, Brian Conton, Johan van Griensven, Raffaella Ravinetto, Yves Claeys, Richard S. Tedder, Robin Gopal, Tim Brooks, Catherine C. Smith, Heidi Doughty, Almudena Marí Sáez, Ann H. Kelly, J. Kenneth Baillie, Nikki Shindo, Deborah Pfeifer, David L. Hoover, William A. Fischer, David A. Wohl, Nathan M. Thielman, Peter Horby, Laura Merson, Peter G. Smith, Tansy Edwards, Richard Dimelow, Richard S. Tedder, Malcolm G. Semple, William A. Paxton, Georgios Pollakis,

Hepatitis B Virus Studies

Neutralizing antibody function provides a foundation for the efficacy of vaccines and therapies1–3. Here, using a robust in vitro Ebola virus (EBOV) pseudo-particle infection assay and a well-defined set of solid-phase assays, we describe a wide spectrum of antibody responses in a cohort of healthy survivors of the Sierra Leone EBOV outbreak of 2013–2016. Pseudo-particle virus-neutralizing antibodies correlated with total anti-EBOV reactivity and neutralizing antibodies against live EBOV. Variant EBOV glycoproteins (1995 and 2014 strains) were similarly neutralized. During longitudinal follow-up, antibody responses fluctuated in a ‘decay–stimulation–decay’ pattern that suggests de novo restimulation by EBOV antigens after recovery. A pharmacodynamic model of antibody reactivity identified a decay half-life of 77–100 days and a doubling time of 46–86 days in a high proportion of survivors. The highest antibody reactivity was observed around 200 days after an individual had recovered. The model suggests that EBOV antibody reactivity declines over 0.5–2 years after recovery. In a high proportion of healthy survivors, antibody responses undergo rapid restimulation. Vigilant follow-up of survivors and possible elective de novo antigenic stimulation by vaccine immunization should be considered in order to prevent EBOV viral recrudescence in recovering individuals and thereby to mitigate the potential risk of reseeding an outbreak. In many survivors of Ebola virus infection, antibody responses show long-term patterns of decline followed by restimulation, possibly owing to recrudescence of persisting virus.