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Probabilistic load flow analysis of electric vehicle smart charging in unbalanced LV distribution systems with residential photovoltaic generation

2021; Elsevier BV; Volume: 72; Linguagem: Inglês

10.1016/j.scs.2021.103043

2210-6715

Umar Hanif Ramadhani, Reza Fachrizal, Mahmoud Shepero, Joakim Munkhammar, Joakim Widén,

Energy and Environment Impacts

Several studies have presented electric vehicle smart charging schemes to increase the temporal matching between photovoltaic generation and electric vehicle charging, including a smart charging scheme with an objective to minimize the net-load variance. This method has proved, through simulations, that the self consumption could be increased, but the benefit of the approach has not been tested on a low voltage distribution system. To increase the quality of grid impact analyses of the smart charging scheme, probabilistic methods that include input and spatial allocation uncertainties are more appropriate. In this study, a probabilistic load flow analysis is performed by modelling the variability of electric vehicle mobility, household load, photovoltaic system generation, and the adoption of photovoltaic system and electric vehicle in society. The results show that the smart charging scheme improves the low voltage distribution system performance and increases the correlations between network nodes. It is also shown that concentrated allocation has more severe impacts, in particular at lower penetration levels. This paper can form the basis for the development of probabilistic impact analysis of smart charging to allow society to integrate more electric vehicles and photovoltaic systems for a more sustainable future.