The Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Scientific Publishing
2021; Elsevier BV; Volume: 22; Issue: 3 Linguagem: Inglês
10.1016/j.jamda.2021.01.073
ISSN1538-9375
AutoresPhilip D. Sloane, Sheryl Zimmerman,
Tópico(s)Global Health and Surgery
ResumoThe novel coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic has had an extraordinary impact on health, health care, medical sciences, and many aspects of scientific research. Post-acute and long-term care organizations were especially impacted and rapidly became epicenters of the coronavirus epidemic and its response. A study of COVID-19 mortality across 12 countries conducted in July 2020 found that mortality rates for older persons in long-term care were 24 times those of community-dwelling older persons and 664 times higher than those of community-dwelling younger persons.1Sepulveda E.R. Stall N.M. Sinha S.K. A comparison of COVOD-19 mortality rates among long-term care residents in 12 OECD countries.J Am Med Dir Assoc. 2020; 21: 1572-1574Abstract Full Text Full Text PDF PubMed Scopus (59) Google Scholar In response, the practice of long-term care medicine changed rapidly. Recommendations for full personal protective equipment (PPE), which beforehand had been rarely used, became commonplace. Employee and resident screening and visitor restrictions were implemented,2Centers for Disease Control and PreventionInterim infection prevention and control recommendations for healthcare personnel during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic.https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/hcp/infection-control-recommendations.htmlDate accessed: January 17, 2021Google Scholar accompanied by logistical challenges and resident and family stress.3Simard J. Volicer L. Loneliness and isolation in long-term care and the COVID-19 pandemic.J Am Med Dir Assoc. 2020; 21: 966-967Abstract Full Text Full Text PDF PubMed Scopus (161) Google Scholar Telemedicine, which before 2020 had been rare,4Scott Kruse C. Karem P. Shifflett K. et al.Evaluating barriers to adopting telemedicine worldwide: A systematic review.J Telemed Telecare. 2018; 24: 4-12Crossref PubMed Scopus (906) Google Scholar suddenly became commonplace, as long-intrenched policies by regulators and insurers melted away in response to the need to limit in-person medical assessments in locked-down long-term care settings.5Gillespie S.M. Handler S.M. Bardakh A. Innovation through regulation: COVID-19 and the evolving utility of telemedicine.J Am Med Dir Assoc. 2020; 21: 1007-1009Abstract Full Text Full Text PDF PubMed Scopus (17) Google Scholar On-site laboratories, which had entirely disappeared from most nursing homes, saw a minor resurgence as homes needed to rapidly retool to manage on-site COVID-19 testing.6Centers for Disease Control and PreventionFrequently asked questions: COVID-19 testing at skilled nursing facilities/nursing homes.https://www.cms.gov/files/document/covid-faqs-snf-testing.pdfDate accessed: January 17, 2021Google Scholar Nursing home infection control activities, which had been modestly bolstered by recent regulations,7Medicare and Medicaid programs; Reform of requirements for long-term care facilities.Fed Regist. 2016; 81: 68688-68872PubMed Google Scholar were found inadequate for the task of dealing with such an unprecedented unanticipated onslaught,8Sloane P.D. Cruise ships, nursing homes, and prisons as COVID-19 epicenters: A "wicked problem" with breakthrough solutions?.J Am Med Dir Assoc. 2020; 21: 958-961Abstract Full Text Full Text PDF PubMed Scopus (7) Google Scholar and calls were put forth to attend to assisted living in the time of COVID-19.9Zimmerman S. Sloane P.D. Katz P.R. et al.The need to include assisted living in responding to the COVID-19 pandemic.J Am Med Dir Assoc. 2020; 21: 572-575Abstract Full Text Full Text PDF PubMed Scopus (63) Google Scholar In response to these and other challenges, collaboration between long-term care organizations and other health care sectors—particularly health departments and hospital systems—mushroomed.10Archbald-Pannone L.R. Harris D.A. Albero K. et al.COVID-19 collaborative model for an academic hospital and long-term care facilities.J Am Med Dir Assoc. 2020; 21: 939-942Abstract Full Text Full Text PDF PubMed Scopus (42) Google Scholar,11Montoya A. Jenq G. Mills J.P. et al.Partnering with local hospitals and public health to manage COVID-19 outbreaks in nursing homes.J Am Geriatr Soc. 2021; 69: 30-36Crossref PubMed Scopus (29) Google Scholar Indeed, the world of post-acute and long-term care was thrust into the limelight and turned inside out and upside down during 2020. The COVID-19 pandemic hijacked not just the world of long-term care but the entire world of basic and clinical science, with unprecedented shifts in funding priorities worldwide and a boom in medical publishing,12Yong A. How science beat the virus, and what it lost in the process. The Atlantic.https://www.theatlantic.com/magazine/archive/2021/01/science-covid-19-manhattan-project/617262/Date accessed: January 18, 2021Google Scholar accompanied by an unprecedented increase in the number of publications.13Else H. How a torrent of COVID science changed research publishing—in seven charts.Nature. 2020; 588: 553Crossref PubMed Scopus (241) Google Scholar A PubMed search in early 2021 for papers published in the prior year identified 111,403 publications (including preprints) with a key word of COVID-19, SARS-COV-2, coronavirus, or pandemic, compared with—by way of example—19,256 on the human immunodeficiency virus, 14,084 on Alzheimer's disease, and 11,996 on myocardial infarction. The total number of 2020 publications indexed by PubMed was more than 1.64 million, a 10% increase over 2019. As part of this rapid shift in priorities, the world of academic publishing also changed. The timeline from data collection to publication quickened, particularly for papers about COVID-19.14Strobl S. Roth W. Internationale wissenschaftliche Publikationsaktivität zu COVID-19.Pathologe. 2021 Jan 12.; ([in German]. [Epub ahed of print])Crossref PubMed Scopus (6) Google Scholar Reports about the novel coronavirus and COVID-19 disease were prioritized, with the goal of getting them into the literature as quickly as possible.15Callaway E. Will the pandemic permanently alter scientific publishing?.Nature. 2020; 582: 167-168Crossref PubMed Scopus (74) Google Scholar Reviews of COVID-19–related papers were frequently accelerated, and the practice of providing online availability of preprints, often before final editing and author approval, became commonplace.15Callaway E. Will the pandemic permanently alter scientific publishing?.Nature. 2020; 582: 167-168Crossref PubMed Scopus (74) Google Scholar The move toward increased open access publishing accelerated as well, with many academic journals (including JAMDA) making all COVID-19–related papers freely available online.16Carr D. Publishers make coronavirus (COVID-19) content freely available and reusable.https://wellcome.org/press-release/publishers-make-coronavirus-covid-19-content-freely-available-and-reusableDate accessed: January 19, 2021Google Scholar These changes in publishing, plus the continued growth of online journals (many of which are not indexed), combined with the boom in coronavirus-related research, resulted in an overall increase of published papers.13Else H. How a torrent of COVID science changed research publishing—in seven charts.Nature. 2020; 588: 553Crossref PubMed Scopus (241) Google Scholar This accelerated pace of academic publishing has had its drawbacks. Concerns have been raised about the quality of much of the research, and that the practice of releasing preprint articles aggravates this concern. One recent article in the Journal of Medical Ethics, for example, noted that by May 2020, ClinicalTrials.gov had registered more than 1200 COVID-related trials and expressed concern that practices of good research, such as reflection on methods, quality checks by researchers and their supervisors, and robust ethics reviews, were being compromised.17Bramstedt K.A. The carnage of substandard research during the COVID-19 pandemic: A call for quality.J Med Ethics. 2020; 46: 803-807Crossref PubMed Scopus (88) Google Scholar Concerns about the quality of peer review have been raised as well, because of resource limitations from increased article submissions and reviewer stress from new clinical and at-home obligations. Such fears were bolstered by an increase in retractions of scientific studies, particularly about COVID-19.17Bramstedt K.A. The carnage of substandard research during the COVID-19 pandemic: A call for quality.J Med Ethics. 2020; 46: 803-807Crossref PubMed Scopus (88) Google Scholar, 18Lipworth W. Gentgall M. Kerridge I. Stewart C. Science at warp speed: Medical research, publication, and translation during the COVID-19 pandemic.J Bioeth Inq. 2020; 17: 555-561Crossref PubMed Scopus (17) Google Scholar, 19Yeo-Teh N.S.L. Tang B.L. An alarming retraction rate for scientific publications on Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19).Account Res. 2021; 28: 47-53Crossref PubMed Scopus (102) Google Scholar The COVID-19 pandemic has been stressful for scientists and academic authors and affected their ongoing research efforts. Many clinical trials, particularly those involving older populations such as persons with Alzheimer's disease or residing in long-term care settings, were disrupted or terminated entirely because of concerns about safety risk for participants and research staff.20Bierer B.E. White S.A. Barnes J.M. Gelinas L. Ethical challenges in clinical research during the COVID-19 pandemic.J Bioeth Inq. 2020; 17: 717-722Crossref PubMed Scopus (27) Google Scholar,21Geerts H. van der Graaf P. A modeling informed quantitative approach to salvage clinical trials interrupted due to COVID-19.Alzheimers Dement (N Y). 2020; 6: e12053PubMed Google Scholar Laboratory research suffered, too, and the work of early career investigators was noted to have been especially impacted.22Kent D.G. Knapp D.J.H.F. Kannan N. Survey says: "COVID-19 lockdown hits young faculty and clinical trials".Stem Cell Reports. 2020; 15: 1-5Abstract Full Text Full Text PDF PubMed Scopus (20) Google Scholar Clinician-scientists were additionally affected because many were pressed into extra duty to assist in the pandemic response, and some became ill with the disease. Particularly impacted were women with small children, because the transition of many schools to in-home, virtual teaching and the closing of many day care centers reduced available work time.23Myers K.R. Tham W.Y. Yin Y. et al.Unequal effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on scientists.Nat Hum Behav. 2020; 4: 880-883Crossref PubMed Scopus (472) Google Scholar, 24Minello A. The pandemic and the female academic.Nature. 2020 Apr 17.; ([Epub ahead of print])Crossref PubMed Google Scholar, 25Kitchener C. Women academics seem to be submitting fewer papers during coronavirus. "Never seen anything like it," says one editor. The Lily.www.thelily.com/women-academics-seem-to-be-submitting-fewer-papers-during-coronavirus-never-seen-anything-like-it-says-one-editor/Date accessed: January 16, 2021Google Scholar Until 2020, JAMDA's submissions had been growing at approximately 10% to 15% per year. In 2020, we received 1658 article submissions, a 37% increase over 2019. Most (76%) of this increase consisted of papers about COVID-19. As has been the case in scientific publishing overall, publications related to this new disease have not been associated with a reduction but rather an increase in publications in other areas as well. Figure 1 displays these trends. Although impressive, JAMDA's submission increase is no greater than that experienced by many other journals, despite the disproportionate burden it has placed on long-term care populations.12Yong A. How science beat the virus, and what it lost in the process. The Atlantic.https://www.theatlantic.com/magazine/archive/2021/01/science-covid-19-manhattan-project/617262/Date accessed: January 18, 2021Google Scholar,13Else H. How a torrent of COVID science changed research publishing—in seven charts.Nature. 2020; 588: 553Crossref PubMed Scopus (241) Google Scholar This point speaks well about the commitment of those engaged in research related to post-acute and long-term care medicine. Figure 1 indicates that 2020's non–COVID-19 submissions (shown by the green line), were relatively similar to overall 2019 submissions (shown by the dotted line), indicating that the large volume of 2020 COVID-19 submissions (red line) supplemented rather than supplanted ongoing research, and that in 2020, the amount of non–COVID-19 research did not change markedly compared to the previous year. Those figures are good news, because all of the issues relevant to post-acute and long-term care that existed pre–COVID-19 remained during COVID-19. One cannot help but wonder, however, the extent to which the impact of the non–COVID-19 papers published in 2020 will be affected by the thirst for data on COVID-19 that same year—at least in the short run. Is it any surprise that of the top 15 downloaded JAMDA articles in 2020, 13 (87%) related to COVID-19? Just as there has been concern regarding delay or avoidance of medical care due to COVID-19,26Czeisler ME, Marynak K, Clarke KEN, et al. Delay or avoidance of medical care because of COVID-19–related concerns—United States. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep 69:1250-1257.Google Scholar attention paid to other pressing needs has been postponed, which may affect citations in the short run. Researchers in many fields may be disappointed by the importance of their work being temporarily overlooked, but fortunately, the operative word is temporarily. In 2021, JAMDA will summarize some of the non–COVID papers published during 2020 that merit renewed attention. With the increased volume and drive to process manuscripts quickly, JAMDA's editors were intent to obtain high-quality reviews at a time when our reviewers—particularly clinician-reviewers—were often overwhelmed by extra duties. An especially reliable reviewer wrote this as part of an apologetic decline of a review request: "I am up to my eyeballs. … I have no more bandwidth." Even getting the virus under control did not always make life easier. One trusted reviewer from a country that had finally begun to control the virus wrote the following when reminded about an overdue review: "Sincere apologies for my delay. … With the lockdown [here] coming to an end and our research activities re-starting, these times have been extremely busy." Despite the increased volume and demands on reviewers, JAMDA's metrics have remained excellent. Our average time to a first decision on a paper decreased from 22.4 days in 2019 to 17.6 days in 2020, and, for papers undergoing full review by multiple reviewers, the average time increased only slightly from 7.3 to 7.7 weeks. JAMDA's editorial team is always grateful for the time and thoughtful input of our reviewers, and especially so in 2020. We recognize the contributions of these reviewers, listed in The Appendix, during a most challenging year.Appendix Table 1JAMDA Reviewers During Year 2020Eeva AartolahtiMarie BoltzAlfonso J. Cruz-JentoftMargaret HeltonGiulia AbateAlice BonnerDulce M. Cruz-OliverAnne HendryAngela Marie AbbatecolaMarcus Kiiti BorgesPaolo Marcello CunhaBridget HiedemannKatherine M AbbottAnne-Marie BostromMaureen C. DaleSarah HilmerAnne-Bahia AbdeljalilPieternella C. Bots-VantspijkerJavier DamiánMatthias HobenSiti Azdiah Abdul AzizNathan Adam BoucherFrancisca De LeeuwSophie HogeveenSamia Ahmed Abdul-RahmanRaymond E BoureyAnton De SpiegeleerIva HolmerovaWilco P. AchterbergChad BousmanBart De SpiegeleerA. Jay HolmgrenMaayan AgmonJohn BowblisLinda DecherrieIckpyo HongDavide AgnolettiKathryn H. BowlesAnja DeclercqM. Bryant HowrenDavid Alberto AguilarNicole BrandtHoward DegenholtzCassandra HuaMaritza AguirreCarol BrayneMary Ellen DellefieldXudong HuangNayeon AhnTimothy BrearlyOddom DemontieroCarmel HughesCecilia AlbalaDavid BrechtelsbauerJacopo DemurtasKathy HyerSteven M. AlbertChristian BrettschneiderShawkat DhananiKinda IbrahimJennifer AlbrechtKen Brummel-SmithT.S. DharmarajanJasminka IlichRosa María Alfonso RosaOlivier BruyereTatiana Danai DimitriouMikel IzquierdoGilles AllaliGwendolen T BuhrDebra DobbsJeremy Michael JacobsTheresa Anne AllisonJulia BurgdorfDavid DosaTessa JansenBader AlmoshelliEduardo CadorePaul Joseph DrinkaOlin JanssenReza AminiShubing CaiTrisha DunningBarbara Ellen JanssensAtul AnandYun CaiGustavo DuqueJenefer M. JedeleSharon Dorothy AndersonAmaia Calderón-LarrañagaAngelique EgbertsDylan JesterBarbara AngelMonique CaljouwG. Paul EleazerJonas JohanssonNiquille AnneRiccardo CalvaniJulie EllisKim G. JohnsonRaquel Aparicio-UgarrizaIan CameronCarole A. EstabrooksNatali JokanovicRobert ApplebaumCameron CampJonathan M. EvansRobert JorissenHidenori AraiIrene Campbell-TaylorWilliam EvansPornchai JullamateLaurie Archbald-PannonePaul K. CanavanConnie J. EvashwickRobin JumpMary Elizabeth ArensbergMarco CanevelliAmil FakhaHye-Young JungWilbert S. AronowChao CaoRyan FalckCorrine Y. JurgensMara AronsonGideon A. CaplanJason R. FalveyBllingsley KaambwaDamaris AschwandenAnthony James CaprioPenny FeldmanSarah KabbaniMuhammad Salman AshrafPaula CarderFan FengEllen W. KaehrMylene Aubertin-LeheudreJennifer L. CarnahanMariana Gross FigueiroTomohiko KamoRobin R. AustinChristy CarterGerda FillenbaumMarshall KappJosé Alberto Avila-FunesCarolina M. CaselliniHarriet Finne-SoveriJurgis KaruzaRoman AyeleNicole CaseySteven FisherMorgan Jane KatzEmmeline AyersNicholas CastleTim FleinerPaul R. KatzDomenico AzzolinoRoberto Carlos Castrejon PerezLeon FlickerRuth KatzYoshihiko BabaAngela CaticMauren Minuzzo FreitasHeather H. KellerPatricia BachJoaquim CerejeiraElizabeth FrentzelChristine KhandelwalRamona BackhausCarmen CerveraErik FrommeRita KhouryNasim Baghban FerdowsMatteo CesariStefano FumagalliKibum KimAmir BagheriNatalia Cezón-SerranoJon Paul FurunoBruce KinosianKevin T. BainApril ChanChristopher K. GaleHeidi S. KinsellDebra BakerjianHelen Y.L. ChanElizabeth GalikChristine E. KistlerAnoop T. BalachandranJoyce Y.C. ChanJulie K. GammackJennifer A. Knopp-SihotaPhilipe De Souto BarretoAriya ChantaramaneeFlavia GarcezSara KnoxGiulio BartoliJohn CheeksLuis Cuitlahuac García-FabelaGotaro KojimaRicardo BatistaLiang-Kung ChenJoseph E. GauglerTaro KojimaJuergen Martin BauerLi-Ju ChenChandler E. GillR. Tamara KonetzkaAmy W. BaughmanYa-Mei ChenSuzanne M. GillespieThomas Robert KonradAllison A. BayZhiguo ChenAndrea L. Gilmore-BykovskyiRaymond T.C.M. KoopmansMarc BayenSheung-Tak ChengJudith GodinGunes KoruSabine BayenAntonio CherubiniGoldberg A. GoldbergAnastassia E KossioniCharlotte BeaudartWing Hoi CheungMarianne Thorsen GonzalezEftychia KotroniaAnne Marie BeckJagadish K. ChhetriAdam L. GordonNancy KusmaulClemens BeckerIris ChiAnne GraceMasafumi KuzuyaAnna Song BeeberIppei ChibaTadeja GracnerTimothy KwokJ. Simon BellAnna ChodosJames GrahamFreddy Man Hin LamJennifer BellotLeung-Wing ChuRichard T. GriffeyFrancesco LandiSverre BerghVerena CimarolliGeorge GrossbergTyler LantzChristian BergmanAndrew CleggAndrea GruneirJulie LapenskieMarla Berg-WegerHélio Coelho-JúniorSteven Mark HandlerAndrew J. LarnerMáximo Bernabeu-WittelCatherine Crawford CohenJoseph T. HanlonFulvio LauretaniMercedes Bern-KlugRose Milou CollardJeffrey HarmanChiyoung LeeSarah BerryTracy ComansMichael Harris-LoveYunhwan LeeGiulia BertoliMartin Joseph ConnollyKrista L HarrisonBruce LeffChrisitine BishopClément CormiTracie Culp HarrisonNatalie Elizabeth LelandHubert BlainAndrea CorsonelloKaren Harrison DeningBlake LesselrothMario BoAxelle CostenobleChristine HartmannPaula E. LesterFaerella BoczkoCynthia CreadyPhilip R. HarveyRoxanne H. LeungLauren E. BodeCharles CreceliusMengying HeSteven A. LevensonGeorg BolligChristopher J. CrnichJennifer HefeleCari LevyLene Levy-StormsWeiwen NgAndreas W. SchoenenbergerEdgar Ramos VieiraYue LiJoshua David NiznikJ.M.G.A. ScholsBeth A. VirnigAdamanthia LiapikouAlexandra Catherine Hayes NowakowskiClaudia SchulzRenuka VisvanathanGerdien Christiana Ligthart-MelisGermaine OdenheimerLaurence Seematter-BagnoudAmy Ann VogelsmeierKa Keat LimAaron Michael OgletreeDallas P. SeitzLadislav VolicerWee Shiong LimKook Hwan OhTodd SemlaDorothee VolkertJulie LimaChukwuma OkoyeAkio ShimizuAnnika Von HeymannChih-Ming LinMarcel Olde RikkertTetyana P. ShippeeKamal C. WagleSebastian LindblomJorge OliveiraCornel Christian SieberLaura M. WagnerMilta O. LittleKenji OmaeElena O. SiegelDeborah Pease WaldropRaul López AntónGraziano OnderSusan SilvaVictoria WalkerGuillermo Felipe López SánchezAnthony OngSandra F. SimmonsHuali WangVivian W.Q. LouNicole M. OrrAdam SimningRuoxi WangJames Alvin LowFábio OrsattiMichael SimonYaogang WangChristine LoydDan OsterweilEleanor Marie SimonsickGregg WarshawMadia LozuponeKenneth J. OttenbacherJay SlotkinDebra L. WatersJudith Ann LucasJoseph G. OuslanderMartin SmalbruggeRosie WatsonJay S. LuxenbergAlicia Padron-MonederoDavid A. SmithKai WeiPaula Pexe Alves MachadoKyle PageEric SmithYu-Jung Jenny WeiCaroline MadrigalNaushira PandyaPaulina SockolowJane A. WeintraubWingyun MakGiuseppe PaolissoDan SongAlicia M. WeissmanHyuma MakizakoStuart ParkerYuting SongHeidi J. WelberryArduino Aleksander MangoniPatricia ParmeleeA.R. Rita Sousa-SantosNathalie Isabelle WellensRikki MangrumMatthew ParsonsPinar SoysalBeth Ann WhiteKevin ManningMarc PepinRichard G. StefanacciElizabeth M. WhiteFinbarr C. MartinMolly M. PerkinsKarl SteinbergHeidi K. WhiteEmanuele MarzettiMirko PetrovicPat StoneElizabeth Foy White-ChuFrancesco Mattace- RasoSteven L. PhillipsJørund StraandChristina R. WhitehouseDonovan T. MaustStuart PhillipsKen SugimotoJulie WhitneyColleen Jean MaxwellMarina PinheiroSophia SuiTimothy WingertPaolo MazzolaKaisu H. PitkalaShengyan SunChang Won WonKathleen MccauleyTim F. PlattsPaul Y. TakahashiIrene WongRose MccloskeyJohn S. PreisserEdwin CK TanJean WooEleanor McconnellMichael PuliaTomoki TanakaKyungmi WooEllen MccreedyMartine T.E. PutsZhe TangRobert WoodsRyan McgrathEmma D. QuachFrancisco J. José Tarazona SantabalbinaHans WoutersJohn MchughPatrick QuailHelena Temkin-GreenerBei WuAndrew MckinnonAnna RahmanJoan TenoWenna XiMatthew McnabneyMarilyn J. RantzKristine A. TheurerQin XiaoRené MelisSujan C. ReddyVittoria TibaldiHanzhang XuBarbara J Messinger-RapportNicholas ReedAndrea TicinesiBaowen XueLuis MieiroJoann P. ReinhardtMark TolesQianli XueToni MilesNeal ReizerDebbie TolsonYukari YamadaEdward Alan MillerBarbara ResnickYasutake TomataTakashi YamanakaNora MillorJoana RigorMaxim TopazMing YangWhitney L. MillsChristine RitchieJorge Luis Torres GutierrezQing YangArnold MitnitskiAshley Zampini RitterCaterina TrevisanBrandon C. YarnsLona ModyGiulia RivasiGraeme TuckerJunichi YokotaKaren MonsenSheria G. Robinson-LaneKatri TurunenYoshihiro YoshimuraVincent MorMiriam B. RodinDenise TylerDaniel YoungJennifer Craft MorganLeocadio Rodríguez-MañasSeong-Gee UmYuchi YoungTakashi MoriJonathan RoomMark Aaron UnruhJirong YueSteven MorrisonInthira RoopsawangFrederick UnverzagtBarbara Jeanne ZarowitzAlison MudgeRobert J. RosatiKorijna ValentiMei ZhaoChristoph MuellerJames L. RudolphGert-Jan Van Der PuttenYayi ZhaoDana B. MukamelKira RyskinaJenny Theodora Van Der SteenCarolyn ZhuGraciela Muniz TerreraMikel López Sáez De AsteasuCourtney Van HoutvanBaiming ZouNaoko MuramatsuDebra SalibaCamille VaughanAlberto ZucchelliMiharu NakanishiAngela Lipka SanfordNicola VeroneseFranziska ZúñigaMaureen Cecilia NashJair Licio Ferreira SantosDavide Liborio VetranoSteven ZweigArif NazirJohn F. SchnelleSimone VettorettiJaakko NevalainenDaniel SchoeneChristina R. Victor Open table in a new tab The authors thank Jason Winkler, MBA, Executive Publisher, Health & Medical Science, STM Journals, Elsevier, for his insightful contributions to this editorial and his notable contributions to JAMDA. Appendix Table 1JAMDA Reviewers During Year 2020Eeva AartolahtiMarie BoltzAlfonso J. Cruz-JentoftMargaret HeltonGiulia AbateAlice BonnerDulce M. Cruz-OliverAnne HendryAngela Marie AbbatecolaMarcus Kiiti BorgesPaolo Marcello CunhaBridget HiedemannKatherine M AbbottAnne-Marie BostromMaureen C. DaleSarah HilmerAnne-Bahia AbdeljalilPieternella C. Bots-VantspijkerJavier DamiánMatthias HobenSiti Azdiah Abdul AzizNathan Adam BoucherFrancisca De LeeuwSophie HogeveenSamia Ahmed Abdul-RahmanRaymond E BoureyAnton De SpiegeleerIva HolmerovaWilco P. AchterbergChad BousmanBart De SpiegeleerA. Jay HolmgrenMaayan AgmonJohn BowblisLinda DecherrieIckpyo HongDavide AgnolettiKathryn H. BowlesAnja DeclercqM. Bryant HowrenDavid Alberto AguilarNicole BrandtHoward DegenholtzCassandra HuaMaritza AguirreCarol BrayneMary Ellen DellefieldXudong HuangNayeon AhnTimothy BrearlyOddom DemontieroCarmel HughesCecilia AlbalaDavid BrechtelsbauerJacopo DemurtasKathy HyerSteven M. AlbertChristian BrettschneiderShawkat DhananiKinda IbrahimJennifer AlbrechtKen Brummel-SmithT.S. DharmarajanJasminka IlichRosa María Alfonso RosaOlivier BruyereTatiana Danai DimitriouMikel IzquierdoGilles AllaliGwendolen T BuhrDebra DobbsJeremy Michael JacobsTheresa Anne AllisonJulia BurgdorfDavid DosaTessa JansenBader AlmoshelliEduardo CadorePaul Joseph DrinkaOlin JanssenReza AminiShubing CaiTrisha DunningBarbara Ellen JanssensAtul AnandYun CaiGustavo DuqueJenefer M. JedeleSharon Dorothy AndersonAmaia Calderón-LarrañagaAngelique EgbertsDylan JesterBarbara AngelMonique CaljouwG. Paul EleazerJonas JohanssonNiquille AnneRiccardo CalvaniJulie EllisKim G. JohnsonRaquel Aparicio-UgarrizaIan CameronCarole A. EstabrooksNatali JokanovicRobert ApplebaumCameron CampJonathan M. EvansRobert JorissenHidenori AraiIrene Campbell-TaylorWilliam EvansPornchai JullamateLaurie Archbald-PannonePaul K. CanavanConnie J. EvashwickRobin JumpMary Elizabeth ArensbergMarco CanevelliAmil FakhaHye-Young JungWilbert S. AronowChao CaoRyan FalckCorrine Y. JurgensMara AronsonGideon A. CaplanJason R. FalveyBllingsley KaambwaDamaris AschwandenAnthony James CaprioPenny FeldmanSarah KabbaniMuhammad Salman AshrafPaula CarderFan FengEllen W. KaehrMylene Aubertin-LeheudreJennifer L. CarnahanMariana Gross FigueiroTomohiko KamoRobin R. AustinChristy CarterGerda FillenbaumMarshall KappJosé Alberto Avila-FunesCarolina M. CaselliniHarriet Finne-SoveriJurgis KaruzaRoman AyeleNicole CaseySteven FisherMorgan Jane KatzEmmeline AyersNicholas CastleTim FleinerPaul R. KatzDomenico AzzolinoRoberto Carlos Castrejon PerezLeon FlickerRuth KatzYoshihiko BabaAngela CaticMauren Minuzzo FreitasHeather H. KellerPatricia BachJoaquim CerejeiraElizabeth FrentzelChristine KhandelwalRamona BackhausCarmen CerveraErik FrommeRita KhouryNasim Baghban FerdowsMatteo CesariStefano FumagalliKibum KimAmir BagheriNatalia Cezón-SerranoJon Paul FurunoBruce KinosianKevin T. BainApril ChanChristopher K. GaleHeidi S. KinsellDebra BakerjianHelen Y.L. ChanElizabeth GalikChristine E. KistlerAnoop T. BalachandranJoyce Y.C. ChanJulie K. GammackJennifer A. Knopp-SihotaPhilipe De Souto BarretoAriya ChantaramaneeFlavia GarcezSara KnoxGiulio BartoliJohn CheeksLuis Cuitlahuac García-FabelaGotaro KojimaRicardo BatistaLiang-Kung ChenJoseph E. GauglerTaro KojimaJuergen Martin BauerLi-Ju ChenChandler E. GillR. Tamara KonetzkaAmy W. BaughmanYa-Mei ChenSuzanne M. GillespieThomas Robert KonradAllison A. BayZhiguo ChenAndrea L. Gilmore-BykovskyiRaymond T.C.M. KoopmansMarc BayenSheung-Tak ChengJudith GodinGunes KoruSabine BayenAntonio CherubiniGoldberg A. GoldbergAnastassia E KossioniCharlotte BeaudartWing Hoi CheungMarianne Thorsen GonzalezEftychia KotroniaAnne Marie BeckJagadish K. ChhetriAdam L. GordonNancy KusmaulClemens BeckerIris ChiAnne GraceMasafumi KuzuyaAnna Song BeeberIppei ChibaTadeja GracnerTimothy KwokJ. Simon BellAnna ChodosJames GrahamFreddy Man Hin LamJennifer BellotLeung-Wing ChuRichard T. GriffeyFrancesco LandiSverre BerghVerena CimarolliGeorge GrossbergTyler LantzChristian BergmanAndrew CleggAndrea GruneirJulie LapenskieMarla Berg-WegerHélio Coelho-JúniorSteven Mark HandlerAndrew J. LarnerMáximo Bernabeu-WittelCatherine Crawford CohenJoseph T. 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