Inclusion and Trace Element Characteristics of Emeralds from Swat Valley, Pakistan
2020; Gemological Institute of America; Volume: 56; Issue: 3 Linguagem: Inglês
10.5741/gems.56.3.336
ISSN2376-4473
AutoresHong-Shu Guo, Xiaoyan Yu, Yuyu Zheng, Zhulin Sun, Miro Fei-Yeung Ng,
Tópico(s)Crystal Structures and Properties
ResumoPakistan's production of emeralds has been increasing in recent years, and reserves are estimated at almost 70 million carats (Jamal-ud-Din, 2014;Makki and Ali, 2019).Swat Valley is known for small stones with saturated color (figure 1).Mineralogical curiosities include three-phase fluid inclusions (Gübelin, 1982) and newly discovered trapiche-type emeralds (Khan, 2018).Photomicrographs of three-phase inclusions in Swat emeralds are provided for the first time in this study.The history and geology of the Swat deposit were comprehensively reported by Arif et al. (2011) andGiuliani et al. (2019) and are summarized here.However, a detailed study of the inclusions and trace elements of Swat emeralds has not been published despite analytical and geological advances (Bowersox and Anwar, 1989;Gao et al., 2019).Therefore, we present results from a detailed study of gemological properties, inclusions, spectroscopy, and chemical composition to characterize the emeralds from Swat Valley.Our findings provide insights that can be used for understanding the genesis of the emeralds in this deposit while shedding light on the geographic origin determination of emerald.
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