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First Report of Rhizome Rot of Banana Caused by Klebsiella variicola in India

2021; American Phytopathological Society; Volume: 105; Issue: 7 Linguagem: Inglês

10.1094/pdis-10-20-2316-pdn

1943-7692

M. Loganathan, R. Thangavelu, P. Pushpakanth, K. Muthubharathi, R. Ramesh, R. Selvarajan, S. Uma,

Plant Pathogens and Fungal Diseases

HomePlant DiseaseVol. 105, No. 7First Report of Rhizome Rot of Banana Caused by Klebsiella variicola in India PreviousNext DISEASE NOTE OPENOpen Access licenseFirst Report of Rhizome Rot of Banana Caused by Klebsiella variicola in IndiaM. Loganathan, R. Thangavelu, P. Pushpakanth, K. Muthubharathi, R. Ramesh, R. Selvarajan, and S. UmaM. Loganathan†Corresponding author: M. Loganathan; E-mail Address: logumuruga@gmail.comhttps://orcid.org/0000-0003-4851-2606ICAR-National Research Centre for Banana, Tiruchirappalli, 620 102, India, R. Thangaveluhttps://orcid.org/0000-0003-3245-1976ICAR-National Research Centre for Banana, Tiruchirappalli, 620 102, India, P. PushpakanthICAR-National Research Centre for Banana, Tiruchirappalli, 620 102, India, K. MuthubharathiICAR-National Research Centre for Banana, Tiruchirappalli, 620 102, India, R. Rameshhttps://orcid.org/0000-0003-0835-6856ICAR-Central Coastal Agricultural Research Institute, Ela, Old Goa, 403 402, India , R. Selvarajanhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-9766-3147ICAR-National Research Centre for Banana, Tiruchirappalli, 620 102, India, and S. UmaICAR-National Research Centre for Banana, Tiruchirappalli, 620 102, India AffiliationsAuthors and Affiliations M. Loganathan1 † R. Thangavelu1 P. Pushpakanth1 K. Muthubharathi1 R. Ramesh2 R. Selvarajan1 S. Uma1 1ICAR-National Research Centre for Banana, Tiruchirappalli, 620 102, India 2ICAR-Central Coastal Agricultural Research Institute, Ela, Old Goa, 403 402, India Published Online:30 Jul 2021https://doi.org/10.1094/PDIS-10-20-2316-PDNAboutSectionsView articlePDFPDF PlusSupplemental ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack Citations ShareShare onFacebookTwitterLinked InRedditEmailWechat View articleRhizome rot or soft rot disease is one of the major problems in banana (Musa spp.) cultivation, because it causes germination failure and death of early-stage plants. A roving survey conducted during 2017 to 2019 in the major banana growing states of India indicated a 5 to 30% incidence of rhizome rot in commercial cultivars. The symptoms observed were yellowing of leaves, necrotic drying with or without heart rot, and yellow or brown water-soaked spots with dark brown margins in the rhizomes. Decay of tissues, cavity formation, brown ooze with foul smell, and toppling were also observed. To isolate bacteria, dissected diseased tissues were surface sterilized and plated on crystal violet pectate (CVP) medium. Of 60 samples plated on CVP medium, three samples collected from cultivars NeyPoovan-AB (Karur, Tamil Nadu, 10°56′36.8″N; 78°24′12.5″E), Grand Naine-AAA (Tiruchirappalli, Tamil Nadu, 10°47′26.1″N; 78°34′14.8″E), and Thellachakkarakeli-AAA (East-Godavari, Andhra Pradesh, 16°51′32.1″N; 81°46′08.4″E) did not yield any bacteria; however, when plated on nutrient agar, they produced whitish to dull white, mucoid, raised, round, and translucent colonies, and three isolates were named as NPK-3-48, GTC-5, and 1-1B-3, respectively. Because these colonies were distinct from colonies obtained on CVP medium (which were analyzed and confirmed separately as Pectobacterium sp.) (Gokul et al. 2019), they were further characterized. Amplification of 16S rDNA genes of NPK-3-48, GTC-5, and 1-1B-3 isolates using universal primers (27F, 5′-AGAGTTTGATCCTGGCTCAG-3′; 1492 R, 5′-GGTTACCTTGTTACGACTT-3′) and rpoB gene (Rosenblueth et al. 2004) was carried out; the amplicons were sequenced and deposited in NCBI (accessions MW036529 to MW036531; MW497572 to MW497574). Phylogenetic analysis of rpoB clearly showed that the isolates NPK-3-48, GTC-5, and 1-1B-3 are Klebsiella variicola (Rosenblueth et al. 2004). Additionally, biochemical tests also indicated that all three isolates were gram negative, catalase positive, oxidase negative, and able to utilize glucose, maltose, and citrate (Ajayasree and Borkar 2018). Therefore, the above morphological, molecular, and biochemical analyses carried out indicated that NPK-3-48, GTC-5, and 1-1B-3 are K. variicola. Earlier, K. variicola causing soft rot has been reported on banana in China (Fan et al. 2016), plantain soft rot in Haiti (Fulton et al. 2020), and carrot soft rot in India (Chandrashekar et al. 2018). For pathogenicity tests, these three isolates were grown in nutrient broth for 48 h at 37 ± 1°C, and the cells were harvested by centrifugation. Five milliliters of the culture suspension (2 × 108 CFU/ml) taken in a syringe was injected into rhizomes of 3-month-old tissue-cultured Grand Naine plants. Each bacterial isolate was injected into eight banana plants at soil level. Appropriate controls were maintained. Inoculated plants were maintained in a glasshouse at 32 ± 2°C, and after 30 to 35 days rhizome rot symptoms appeared in all three bacterial isolates inoculated plants but in none of the control plants. Koch's postulates were proved by reisolation and identification. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of K. variicola causing rhizome rot disease of banana in India.The author(s) declare no conflict of interest.References:Ajayasree, T. S., and Borkar, S. G. 2018. J. Appl. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 5:237. Google ScholarChandrashekar, B. S., et al. 2018. New Dis. Rep. 37:21. https://doi.org/10.5197/j.2044-0588.2018.037.021 Crossref, Google ScholarFan, H. C., et al. 2016. Plant Dis. 100:517. https://doi.org/10.1094/PDIS-05-15-0586-PDN Link, Google ScholarFulton, J. C., et al. 2020. Plant Dis. 104:1851. https://doi.org/10.1094/PDIS-10-19-2105-PDN Link, Google ScholarGokul, G. G., et al. 2019. Biocatal. Agric. Biotechnol. 17:60. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bcab.2018.11.001 Crossref, ISI, Google ScholarRosenblueth, M., et al. 2004. Syst. Appl. Microbiol. 27:27. https://doi.org/10.1078/0723-2020-00261 Crossref, ISI, Google ScholarThe author(s) declare no conflict of interest.Funding: Funding was provided by ICAR-NRC for banana (ICAR-NRCB).DetailsFiguresLiterature CitedRelated Vol. 105, No. 7 July 2021SubscribeISSN:0191-2917e-ISSN:1943-7692 DownloadCaptionLeaf spot symptoms on Zizyphus mauritiana in the field caused by Colletotrichum spp. (J. Shu et al.). Photo credit: Q. Li. Symptoms of twig dieback of tea plants caused by Fusarium solani (A. K. Pandey et al.). Photo credit: A. K. Pandey. Metrics Downloaded 754 times Article History Issue Date: 25 Oct 2021Published: 30 Jul 2021First Look: 5 Mar 2021Accepted: 1 Mar 2021 Page: 2011 Information© 2021 The American Phytopathological SocietyFundingICAR-NRC for bananaKeywordsbananarhizome rotKlebsiella variicolafirst reportsoft rotThe author(s) declare no conflict of interest.