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Hearing loss prevalence and years lived with disability, 1990–2019: findings from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019

2021; Elsevier BV; Volume: 397; Issue: 10278 Linguagem: Inglês

10.1016/s0140-6736(21)00516-x

1474-547X

Teklehaimanot Gereziher Haile, Kaloyan Kamenov, Paul Svitil Briant, Aislyn U Orji, Jaimie D Steinmetz, Amir Abdoli, Mohammad Abdollahi, Eman Abu‐Gharbieh, Ashkan Afshin, Haroon Ahmed, Tarik A. Rashid, Yonas Akalu, Fares Alahdab, Fahad Mashhour Alanezi, Turki Alanzi, Hanadi Al Hamad, Liaqat Ali, Vahid Alipour, Rajaa Al‐Raddadi, Hubert Amu, Jalal Arabloo, Morteza Arab‐Zozani, Judie Arulappan, Charlie Ashbaugh, Desta Debalkie Atnafu, Zaheer‐Ud‐Din Babar, Atif Amin Baig, Palash Chandra Banik, Till Bärnighausen, Amadou Barrow, Rose G Bender, Akshaya Srikanth Bhagavathula, Nikha Bhardwaj, Pankaj Bhardwaj, Sadia Bibi, Ali Bijani, Katrin Burkart, Christopher R. Cederroth, Jaykaran Charan, Sonali G Choudhari, Dinh‐Toi Chu, Rosa A S Couto, Amare Belachew Dagnew, Baye Dagnew, Saad M A Dahlawi, Xiaochen Dai, Lalit Dandona, Rakhi Dandona, Assefa Desalew, Deepak Dhamnetiya, Mandira Lamichhane Dhimal, Meghnath Dhimal, Kerrie E Doyle, Bruce Bartholow Duncan, Michael Ekholuenetale, Irina Filip, Florian Fischer, Richard C. Franklin, Abhay Gaidhane, Shilpa Gaidhane, Silvano Gallus, Farhad Ghamari, Ahmad Ghashghaee, Ghozali Ghozali, Syed Amir Gilani, Ionela-Roxana Glăvan, Mahaveer Golechha, Bárbara Niegia Garcia de Goulart, Veer Bala Gupta, Vivek Gupta, Samer Hamidi, Billy R. Hammond, Simon I Hay, Khezar Hayat, Golnaz Heidari, Howard J. Hoffman, K Hopf, Mehdi Hosseinzadeh, Mowafa Househ, Rabia Hussain, Bing‐Fang Hwang, Ivo Iavicoli, Segun Emmanuel Ibitoye, Olayinka Stephen Ilesanmi, Seyed Sina Naghibi Irvani, Sheikh Mohammed Shariful Islam, Masao Iwagami, Louis Jacob, Sathish Kumar Jayapal, Ravi Prakash Jha, Jost B. Jonas, Rohollah Kalhor, Nawzad Kameran Al-Salihi, Himal Kandel, Ayele Semachew Kasa, Gbenga A Kayode, Rovshan Khalilov, Ejaz Ahmad Khan, Mahalaqua Nazli Khatib, Soewarta Kosen, Ai Koyanagi, G Anil Kumar, Iván Landires, Savita Lasrado, Stephen S Lim, Xuefeng Liu, Stany W. Lobo, Alessandra Lugo, Alaa Makki, Walter Mendoza, Amanual Getnet Mersha, Kebadnew Mulatu, Ted R. Miller, Sanjeev Misra, Teroj Mohamed, Mokhtar Mohammadi, Abdollah Mohammadian-Hafshejani, Arif Ahmed Mohammed, Ali H. Mokdad, Mohammad Ali Moni, Sandhya Neupane Kandel, Huong Lan Thi Nguyen, Molly R Nixon, Jean Jacques Noubiap, Virginia Núñez-Samudio, Bogdan Oancea, Victor M. Oguoma, Andrew T Olagunju, Bolajoko O. Olusanya, Jacob Olusegun Olusanya, Hans Orru, Mayowa Owolabi, Jagadish Rao Padubidri, Keyvan Pakshir, Shahina Pardhan, Fatemeh Pashazadeh Kan, Maja Pasovic, Shrikant Pawar, Hai Quang Pham, Marina Pinheiro, Akram Pourshams, Navid Rabiee, Mohammad Rabiee, Amir Radfar, Fakher Rahim, Vafa Rahimi‐Movaghar, Mohammad Hifz Ur Rahman, Mosiur Rahman, Amir Masoud Rahmani, Juwel Rana, Chythra R. Rao, Sowmya J Rao, Vahid Rashedi, David Laith Rawaf, Salman Rawaf, André M. N. Renzaho, Aziz Rezapour, Rezaul Karim Ripon, Voilet Rodrigues, Neeti Rustagi, Umar Saeed, Amirhossein Sahebkar, Abdallah M Samy, Milena M Santric-Milicevic, Brijesh Sathian, Maheswar Satpathy, Monika Sawhney, Winfried Schlee, María Inês Schmidt, Allen Seylani, Masood Ali Shaikh, Mohammed Shannawaz, Wondimeneh Shibabaw Shiferaw, Soraya Siabani, Anjali Singal, Jasvinder A. Singh, Jitendra Kumar Singh, Deepika Singhal, Valentin Yurievich Skryabin, Anna Aleksandrovna Skryabina, Houman Sotoudeh, Emma Elizabeth Spurlock, Biruk Wogayehu, Animut Tagele Tamiru, Md. Ismail Tareque, Rekha Thapar, Marcos Roberto Tovani‐Palone, Bach Xuan Tran, Saif Ullah, Sahel Valadan Tahbaz, Francesco Saverio Violante, Vasily Vlassov, Bay Vo, Avina Vongpradith, Giang Thu Vu, Jingkai Wei, Ali Yadollahpour, Seyed Hossein Yahyazadeh Jabbari, Yigizie Yeshaw, Vahit Yiğit, Birhanu Wubale Yirdaw, Naohiro Yonemoto, Chuanhua Yu, Ismaeel Yunusa, Mohammad Zamani, Михаил Сергеевич Застрожин, Anasthasia Zastrozhina, Zhi-Jiang Zhang, Jeff T Zhao, Christopher J L Murray, Adrian Davis, Theo Vos, Shelly Chadha,

Ear Surgery and Otitis Media

BackgroundHearing loss affects access to spoken language, which can affect cognition and development, and can negatively affect social wellbeing. We present updated estimates from the Global Burden of Disease (GBD) study on the prevalence of hearing loss in 2019, as well as the condition's associated disability.MethodsWe did systematic reviews of population-representative surveys on hearing loss prevalence from 1990 to 2019. We fitted nested meta-regression models for severity-specific prevalence, accounting for hearing aid coverage, cause, and the presence of tinnitus. We also forecasted the prevalence of hearing loss until 2050.FindingsAn estimated 1·57 billion (95% uncertainty interval 1·51–1·64) people globally had hearing loss in 2019, accounting for one in five people (20·3% [19·5–21·1]). Of these, 403·3 million (357·3–449·5) people had hearing loss that was moderate or higher in severity after adjusting for hearing aid use, and 430·4 million (381·7–479·6) without adjustment. The largest number of people with moderate-to-complete hearing loss resided in the Western Pacific region (127·1 million people [112·3–142·6]). Of all people with a hearing impairment, 62·1% (60·2–63·9) were older than 50 years. The Healthcare Access and Quality (HAQ) Index explained 65·8% of the variation in national age-standardised rates of years lived with disability, because countries with a low HAQ Index had higher rates of years lived with disability. By 2050, a projected 2·45 billion (2·35–2·56) people will have hearing loss, a 56·1% (47·3–65·2) increase from 2019, despite stable age-standardised prevalence.InterpretationAs populations age, the number of people with hearing loss will increase. Interventions such as childhood screening, hearing aids, effective management of otitis media and meningitis, and cochlear implants have the potential to ameliorate this burden. Because the burden of moderate-to-complete hearing loss is concentrated in countries with low health-care quality and access, stronger health-care provision mechanisms are needed to reduce the burden of unaddressed hearing loss in these settings.FundingBill & Melinda Gates Foundation and WHO.