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Changes in humoral immune response after SARS-CoV-2 infection in liver transplant recipients compared to immunocompetent patients

2021; Elsevier BV; Volume: 21; Issue: 8 Linguagem: Inglês

10.1111/ajt.16599

1600-6143

A. Marcos, Magdalena Salcedo, Roberto Alonso, Manuel Rodríguez‐Perálvarez, María Olmedo, Javier Graus Morales, Valentín Cuervas‐Mons, Alba Cachero, Carmelo Loinaz, Mercedes Iñarrairaegui, Lluı́s Castells, Sonia Pascual, Carmen Vinaixa, Rocío González‐Grande, Alejandra Otero, Santiago Tomé, Javier Tejedor‐Tejada, J.M. Álamo-Martínez, Luisa González‐Diéguez, Flor Nogueras-López, Gerardo Blanco‐Fernández, Gema Muñoz-Bartolo, Javier Bustamante, Emilio Fábrega, Mario Romero‐Cristóbal, Rosa Martín‐Mateos, Julia Del Rio-Izquierdo, Ana Arias, Laura Calatayud, Alberto Marcacuzco, Víctor Fernández‐Alonso, Concepción Gómez‐Gavara, Jordi Colmenero, Patricia Muñóz, J.A. Pons,

Long-Term Effects of COVID-19

The protective capacity and duration of humoral immunity after SARS-CoV-2 infection are not yet understood in solid organ transplant recipients. A prospective multicenter study was performed to evaluate the persistence of anti-nucleocapsid IgG antibodies in liver transplant recipients 6 months after coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) resolution. A total of 71 liver transplant recipients were matched with 71 immunocompetent controls by a propensity score including variables with a well-known prognostic impact in COVID-19. Paired case–control serological data were also available in 62 liver transplant patients and 62 controls at month 3 after COVID-19. Liver transplant recipients showed a lower incidence of anti-nucleocapsid IgG antibodies at 3 months (77.4% vs. 100%, p < .001) and at 6 months (63.4% vs. 90.1%, p < .001). Lower levels of antibodies were also observed in liver transplant patients at 3 (p = .001) and 6 months (p < .001) after COVID-19. In transplant patients, female gender (OR = 13.49, 95% CI: 2.17–83.8), a longer interval since transplantation (OR = 1.19, 95% CI: 1.03–1.36), and therapy with renin–angiotensin–aldosterone system inhibitors (OR = 7.11, 95% CI: 1.47–34.50) were independently associated with persistence of antibodies beyond 6 months after COVID-19. Therefore, as compared with immunocompetent patients, liver transplant recipients show a lower prevalence of anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies and more pronounced antibody levels decline. The protective capacity and duration of humoral immunity after SARS-CoV-2 infection are not yet understood in solid organ transplant recipients. A prospective multicenter study was performed to evaluate the persistence of anti-nucleocapsid IgG antibodies in liver transplant recipients 6 months after coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) resolution. A total of 71 liver transplant recipients were matched with 71 immunocompetent controls by a propensity score including variables with a well-known prognostic impact in COVID-19. Paired case–control serological data were also available in 62 liver transplant patients and 62 controls at month 3 after COVID-19. Liver transplant recipients showed a lower incidence of anti-nucleocapsid IgG antibodies at 3 months (77.4% vs. 100%, p < .001) and at 6 months (63.4% vs. 90.1%, p < .001). Lower levels of antibodies were also observed in liver transplant patients at 3 (p = .001) and 6 months (p < .001) after COVID-19. In transplant patients, female gender (OR = 13.49, 95% CI: 2.17–83.8), a longer interval since transplantation (OR = 1.19, 95% CI: 1.03–1.36), and therapy with renin–angiotensin–aldosterone system inhibitors (OR = 7.11, 95% CI: 1.47–34.50) were independently associated with persistence of antibodies beyond 6 months after COVID-19. Therefore, as compared with immunocompetent patients, liver transplant recipients show a lower prevalence of anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies and more pronounced antibody levels decline.