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Impact of traffic on δ 15 N, δ 13 C and δ 18 O of needles and annual tree rings of Norway spruce ( Picea abies L.)

2006; Italian Society of Silviculture and Forest Ecology; Volume: 3; Issue: 3 Linguagem: Inglês

10.3832/efor0389-0030437

1824-0119

MR Guerrieri, Matthias Saurer, RTW Siegwolf, Peter Waldner, Paolo Cherubini,

Plant responses to elevated CO2

Impact of traffic on δ 15 N, δ 13 C and δ 18 O of needles and annual tree rings of Norway spruce (Picea abies L.) near a motorway in Switzerland.Increase of nitrogen depositions, as oxidized (NO x ) and reduced (NH x ) compounds, has important implications on ecosystem nitrogen cycle.NO x comes predominantly from fossil fuel combustion in car engines and industrial processes, while agricultural activities (cattle farming, fertilizations) are the main sources for NH x emissions.Such fertilisations could stimulate growth and, therefore, productivity of forests, especially in temperate forests, where nitrogen is a limiting factor.On the other hand an excess of nitrogen can lead to an acidification of the soil and have a negative impact on the microbial fauna and structure of plants.NO x and NH x depositions can be separated with the help of stable isotopes with different 15 N-values reported for NO x originating from combustion sources.Consequently it was observed that the nitrogen isotopic composition of the vegetation reflects the isotopic signature of nitrogen sources.Our preliminary results on needles of Norway spruce trees exposed to NO x emissions along a transect perpendicular to a highway close to Faido and Brittnau show a clear isotopic enrichment in 15 N in trees growing closer to traffic pollution, indicating an uptake of atmospheric nitrogen by stomatal pathway.Carbon and oxygen isotopic composition measured in tree rings reveals the physiological response in plants.Trees more exposed to air pollution from traffic show an increase in δ 13 C and δ 18 O in tree rings, since mid sixties next to Erstfeld.This could mean a higher photosynthetic activity, enhanced by NO x traffic emissions, under low or not changed stomatal conductance.Our results confirm that stable isotopes of carbon, oxygen and nitrogen measured in needles and tree rings represent an important tool to monitor the impact of NO x load on tree physiology.