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A novel CaO-based catalyst obtained from silver croaker (Plagioscion squamosissimus) stone for biodiesel synthesis: Waste valorization and process optimization

2021; Elsevier BV; Volume: 172; Linguagem: Inglês

10.1016/j.renene.2021.03.093

1879-0682

Mitsuo Lopes Takeno, Iasmin Maquiné Mendonça, Silma de S. Barros, Paulo José Sousa Maia, Wanison A.G. Pessoa, Mayane P. Souza, Elzalina Ribeiro Soares, Rosane dos Santos Bindá, Fábio Leandro Calderaro, Ingrity S.C. Sá, Cláudia Cândida Silva, Lizandro Manzato, Stefan Iglauer, Flávio A. de Freitas,

Lubricants and Their Additives

A new catalyst was synthesized from the South American Silver Croaker’s stone − the Silver Croaker is a fish widely consumed in Brazil and the stone is a residue from the fish’s head. The stone and the bio-based catalyst obtained from it were characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, X-ray fluorescence, thermogravimetric analysis, surface area, and soluble alkalinity. It was confirmed that the stone is composed of aragonite (calcium carbonate) and the catalyst obtained by calcination of calcium oxide (CaO). The catalytic activity was evaluated by transesterification reactions. The process was optimized by surface response methodology based on Box – Behnken design. Methanol:oil molar ratio of 11.8, 5.33 wt% of catalyst, 175 min of reaction time, and 67.85 °C were identified as optimal conditions, reaching conversions close to 99% and ester content of 97.4%. The catalyst derived from silver croaker stone was reused 5 times while maintaining its high performance. Thus, a new application was given to this little-known waste, showing its potential as a catalyst in the synthesis of biodiesel.