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Vaccination boosts protective responses and counters SARS-CoV-2-induced pathogenic memory B cells

2021; Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory; Linguagem: Inglês

10.1101/2021.04.11.21255153

Pankaj Kumar Mishra, Natalie Bruiners, Rahul Ukey, Pratik Datta, Alberta Onyuka, Deborah Handler, Sabiha Hussain, William Honnen, Sukhwinder Singh, Valentina Guerrini, Yue Yin, Hannah K. Dewald, Alok Choudhary, Daniel B. Horton, Emily S. Barrett, Jason Roy, Stanley H. Weiss, Patricia Fitzgerald‐Bocarsly, Martin J. Blaser, Jeffrey L. Carson, Reynold A. Panettieri, Alfred Lardizabal, Theresa L. Chang, Abraham Pinter, Maria Laura Gennaro,

Long-Term Effects of COVID-19

Much is to be learned about the interface between immune responses to SARS-CoV-2 infection and vaccination. We monitored immune responses specific to SARS-CoV-2 Spike Receptor-Binding-Domain (RBD) in convalescent individuals for eight months after infection diagnosis and following vaccination. Over time, neutralizing antibody responses, which are predominantly RBD specific, generally decreased, while RBD-specific memory B cells persisted. RBD-specific antibody and B cell responses to vaccination were more vigorous than those elicited by infection in the same subjects or by vaccination in infection-naïve comparators. Notably, the frequencies of double negative B memory cells, which are dysfunctional and potentially pathogenic, increased in the convalescent subjects over time. Unexpectedly, this effect was reversed by vaccination. Our work identifies a novel aspect of immune dysfunction in mild/moderate COVID-19, supports the practice of offering SARS-CoV-2 vaccination regardless of infection history, and provides a potential mechanistic explanation for the vaccination-induced reduction of "Long-COVID" symptoms.