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Positive impact of oral hydroxychloroquine and povidone-iodine throat spray for COVID-19 prophylaxis: An open-label randomized trial

2021; Elsevier BV; Volume: 106; Linguagem: Inglês

10.1016/j.ijid.2021.04.035

1878-3511

Raymond C.S. Seet, Amy M.L. Quek, Delicia Shu Qin Ooi, Sharmila Sengupta, Satish R. Lakshminarasappa, Chieh‐Yang Koo, Jimmy Bok Yan So, Boon Cher Goh, Kwok Seng Loh, Dale Fisher, Hock Luen Teoh, Jie Sun, Alex R. Cook, Paul Anantharajah Tambyah, Mikael Hartman,

Mosquito-borne diseases and control

BackgroundWe examined whether existing licensed pharmacotherapies could reduce the spread of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19).MethodsAn open-label parallel randomized controlled trial was performed among healthy migrant workers quarantined in a large multi-storey dormitory in Singapore. Forty clusters (each defined as individual floors of the dormitory) were randomly assigned to receive a 42-day prophylaxis regimen of either oral hydroxychloroquine (400 mg once, followed by 200 mg/day), oral ivermectin (12 mg once), povidone-iodine throat spray (3 times/day, 270 μg/day), oral zinc (80 mg/day)/vitamin C (500 mg/day) combination, or oral vitamin C, 500 mg/day. The primary outcome was laboratory evidence of SARS-CoV-2 infection as shown by either: (1) a positive serologic test for SARS-CoV-2 antibody on day 42, or (2) a positive PCR test for SARS-CoV-2 at any time between baseline and day 42.ResultsA total of 3037 asymptomatic participants (mean age, 33.0 years; all men) who were seronegative to SARS-CoV-2 at baseline were included in the primary analysis. Follow-up was nearly complete (99.6%). Compared with vitamin C, significant absolute risk reductions (%, 98.75% confidence interval) were observed for oral hydroxychloroquine (21%, 2–42%) and povidone-iodine throat spray (24%, 7–39%). No statistically significant differences were observed with oral zinc/vitamin C combination (23%, –5 to +41%) and ivermectin (5%, –10 to +22%). Interruptions due to side effects were highest among participants who received zinc/vitamin C combination (6.9%), followed by vitamin C (4.7%), povidone-iodine (2.0%), and hydroxychloroquine (0.7%).ConclusionsChemoprophylaxis with either oral hydroxychloroquine or povidone-iodine throat spray was superior to oral vitamin C in reducing SARS-CoV-2 infection in young and healthy men.