Portal de Periódicos da CAPES

Variable kinship patterns in Neolithic Anatolia revealed by ancient genomes

2021; Elsevier BV; Volume: 31; Issue: 11 Linguagem: Inglês

10.1016/j.cub.2021.03.050

1879-0445

Reyhan Yaka, Igor Mapelli, Damla Kaptan, Ayça Küçükakdağ Doğu, Maciej Chyleński, Ömür Dilek Erdal, Dilek Koptekin, Kıvılcım Başak Vural, Alex Bayliss, Camilla Mazzucato, Evrim Fer, Sevim Seda Çokoğlu, Vendela Kempe Lagerholm, Maja Krzewińska, Cansu Karamurat, Hasan Can Gemici, Arda Sevkar, Nihan D. Dagtas, Gülşah Merve Kılınç, Donovan Adams, Arielle R. Munters, Ekin Sağlıcan, Marco Milella, Eline M.J. Schotsmans, Erinç Yurtman, Mehmet Serkan Çetin, Sevgi Yorulmaz, N. Ezgi Altınışık, Ayshin Ghalichi, Anna Juras, C. Can Bilgin, Torsten Günther, Jan Storå, Mattias Jakobsson, Maurice de Kleijn, Gökhan Mustafaoğlu, Andrew Fairbairn, Jessica Pearson, İnci̇ Togan, Nurcan Kayacan, Arkadiusz Marciniak, Clark Spencer Larsen, Ian Hodder, Çiğdem Atakuman, Marin A. Pilloud, Elif Sürer, Fokke Gerritsen, Rana Özbal, Douglas Baird, Yılmaz Selim Erdal, Güneş Duru, Mihriban Özbaşaran, Scott D. Haddow, Christopher J. Knüsel, Anders Götherström, Füsun Özer, Mehmet Somel,

Ancient Near East History

The social organization of the first fully sedentary societies that emerged during the Neolithic period in Southwest Asia remains enigmatic,1Kuijt I. People and Space in Early Agricultural Villages: Exploring Daily Lives, Community Size, and Architecture in the Late Pre-Pottery Neolithic.J. Anthropol. Archaeol. 2000; 19: 75-102https://doi.org/10.1006/jaar.1999.0352Crossref Scopus (125) Google Scholar mainly because material culture studies provide limited insight into this issue. However, because Neolithic Anatolian communities often buried their dead beneath domestic buildings,2Boz B. Hager L.D. Living above the Dead: Intramural Burial practices at Çatalhöyük.in: Hodder I. Humans and Landscapes of Çatalhöyük: Reports from the 2000-2008 Seasons. Cotsen Institute of Archaeology, 2013: 413-440Google Scholar household composition and social structure can be studied through these human remains. Here, we describe genetic relatedness among co-burials associated with domestic buildings in Neolithic Anatolia using 59 ancient genomes, including 22 new genomes from Aşıklı Höyük and Çatalhöyük. We infer pedigree relationships by simultaneously analyzing multiple types of information, including autosomal and X chromosome kinship coefficients, maternal markers, and radiocarbon dating. In two early Neolithic villages dating to the 9th and 8th millennia BCE, Aşıklı Höyük and Boncuklu, we discover that siblings and parent-offspring pairings were frequent within domestic structures, which provides the first direct indication of close genetic relationships among co-burials. In contrast, in the 7th millennium BCE sites of Çatalhöyük and Barcın, where we study subadults interred within and around houses, we find close genetic relatives to be rare. Hence, genetic relatedness may not have played a major role in the choice of burial location at these latter two sites, at least for subadults. This supports the hypothesis that in Çatalhöyük,3Pilloud M.A. Larsen C.S. "Official" and "practical" kin: Inferring social and community structure from dental phenotype at Neolithic Çatalhöyük, Turkey.Am. J. Phys. Anthropol. 2011; 145: 519-530https://doi.org/10.1002/ajpa.21520Crossref PubMed Scopus (75) Google Scholar, 4Larsen C.S. Knüsel C.J. Haddow S.D. Pilloud M.A. Milella M. Sadvari J.W. Pearson J. Ruff C.B. Garofalo E.M. Bocaege E. et al.Bioarchaeology of Neolithic Çatalhöyük reveals fundamental transitions in health, mobility, and lifestyle in early farmers.Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA. 2019; 116: 12615-12623https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1904345116Crossref PubMed Scopus (21) Google Scholar, 5Chyleński M. Ehler E. Somel M. Yaka R. Krzewińska M. Dabert M. Juras A. Marciniak A. Ancient mitochondrial genomes reveal the absence of maternal kinship in the burials of Çatalhöyük people and their genetic affinities.Genes (Basel). 2019; 10: 207https://doi.org/10.3390/genes10030207Crossref Scopus (5) Google Scholar and possibly in some other Neolithic communities, domestic structures may have served as burial location for social units incorporating biologically unrelated individuals. Our results underscore the diversity of kin structures in Neolithic communities during this important phase of sociocultural development.