First Report of Maize Stalk Rot Caused by Fusarium kyushuense in China
2021; American Phytopathological Society; Volume: 105; Issue: 11 Linguagem: Inglês
10.1094/pdis-11-20-2342-pdn
ISSN1943-7692
AutoresYunying Cao, J. Zhang, Shengbo Han, Laikun Xia, Juan Ma, Lingfei Wang, H. Y. Li, Lirong Yang, Suli Sun, Zhendong Zhu, Canxing Duan,
Tópico(s)Plant Disease Resistance and Genetics
ResumoHomePlant DiseaseVol. 105, No. 11First Report of Maize Stalk Rot Caused by Fusarium kyushuense in China PreviousNext DISEASE NOTE OPENOpen Access licenseFirst Report of Maize Stalk Rot Caused by Fusarium kyushuense in ChinaY. Y. Cao, J. Zhang, S. B. Han, L. K. Xia, J. Ma, L. F. Wang, H. Y. Li, L. R. Yang, S. L. Sun, Z. D. Zhu, and C. X. DuanY. Y. CaoInstitute of Cereal Crops, Henan Provincial Key Laboratory of Maize Biology, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou 450002, ChinaSearch for more papers by this author, J. ZhangInstitute of Plant Protection, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou 450002, ChinaSearch for more papers by this author, S. B. HanInstitute of Cereal Crops, Henan Provincial Key Laboratory of Maize Biology, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou 450002, ChinaSearch for more papers by this author, L. K. XiaInstitute of Cereal Crops, Henan Provincial Key Laboratory of Maize Biology, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou 450002, ChinaSearch for more papers by this author, J. MaInstitute of Cereal Crops, Henan Provincial Key Laboratory of Maize Biology, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou 450002, ChinaSearch for more papers by this author, L. F. WangInstitute of Cereal Crops, Henan Provincial Key Laboratory of Maize Biology, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou 450002, ChinaSearch for more papers by this author, H. Y. Li†Corresponding authors: H. Y. Li; E-mail Address: [email protected] and C. X. Duan; E-mail Address: [email protected]Institute of Cereal Crops, Henan Provincial Key Laboratory of Maize Biology, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou 450002, ChinaSearch for more papers by this author, L. R. Yanghttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-8270-3214Institute of Plant Protection, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou 450002, ChinaSearch for more papers by this author, S. L. Sunhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-0741-018XInstitute of Crop Sciences/National Key Facility of Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, ChinaSearch for more papers by this author, Z. D. Zhuhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-6867-0591Institute of Crop Sciences/National Key Facility of Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, ChinaSearch for more papers by this author, and C. X. Duan†Corresponding authors: H. Y. Li; E-mail Address: [email protected] and C. X. Duan; E-mail Address: [email protected]https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6534-1426Institute of Crop Sciences/National Key Facility of Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, ChinaSearch for more papers by this authorAffiliationsAuthors and Affiliations Y. Y. Cao1 J. Zhang2 S. B. Han1 L. K. Xia1 J. Ma1 L. F. Wang1 H. Y. Li1 † L. R. Yang2 S. L. Sun3 Z. D. Zhu3 C. X. Duan3 † 1Institute of Cereal Crops, Henan Provincial Key Laboratory of Maize Biology, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou 450002, China 2Institute of Plant Protection, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou 450002, China 3Institute of Crop Sciences/National Key Facility of Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China Published Online:16 Nov 2021https://doi.org/10.1094/PDIS-11-20-2342-PDNAboutSectionsView articlePDFSupplemental ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack Citations ShareShare onFacebookTwitterLinked InRedditEmailWechat View articleIn 2017 to 2019, a field survey for maize stalk rot was conducted in 21 counties (districts) across Guangxi province, China. It caused yield losses of 20% to 30%. Maize plants with stalk rot were collected during the late milk stage, and pieces of diseased pith tissue were cultured as previously described (Shan et al. 2017). Fungal colonies and mycelia with morphological characteristics of Fusarium species were subcultured onto fresh potato dextrose agar (PDA) and carnation leaf agar (CLA) plates. Based on morphological characteristics and molecular detection by amplification of Fusarium genus-specific primers (Duan et al. 2016), 39 Fusarium isolates were identified. Five isolates from Du’an, Pingguo, Debao, and Daxin had abundant, pale orange to yellow aerial mycelia with deep red pigments when grown on PDA. The average growth rate was 8.0 to 12.0 mm/day at 25°C in the dark. The fungi produced two types of spores on CLA. Microconidia were ovoid to clavate, generally zero- to three-septate, and 4.6 to 9.4 μm in length (n = 30). Macroconidia were slightly curved with an acute apical cell, mostly three- to four-septate, and 19.4 to 38.2 μm in length (n = 30). No chlamydospores were observed. The five isolates were initially identified as Fusarium kyushuense based on morphology. PCR was performed to amplify three phylogenetic genes (TEF1-α, RPB1, and RPB2) (O’Donnell et al. 1998), and species-specific primers kyuR1F/kyuR1R (5-TTTTCCTCACCAAGGAGCAGATCATG-3′/5-TCCAATGGACTGGGCAGCCAAAACACC-3′), kyuR2F/kyuR2R (5-CAGATATACATTTGCCTCGACAC-3′/5-TACTTGAGCACGGAGCTTG-3′) were used to confirm species identity. The obtained sequences were deposited in GenBank as MT997084, MT997080, MT997081 (TEF1-α); MT550012, MT997085, MT997086 (RPB1); and MT550009, MT997089, MT997090 (RPB2), respectively. Using BLAST, sequences of TEF1-α, RPB1, and RPB2 were 99.33% (MH582297.1) to 100% (MG282364.1) similar to those of F. kyushuense strains. Based on phylogenetic analysis with maximum likelihood methods using tools of the website of CIPRES (http://www.phylo.org), isolates GX27, GX167, and GX204 clustered with F. kyushuense with 100% bootstrap support. Pathogenicity of the three isolates was tested using seedlings and adult plants as previously described with modification (Ye et al. 2013; Zhang et al. 2016). The primary roots of three-leaf seedlings were inoculated by immersing the roots into a 1 × 106 macroconidia solution, incubating for 6 h at 25°C, and transferring to normal growth conditions (26°C, 16 h light/22°C, 8 h dark). The second or third internode above the soil surface of flowering-stage plants grown in a greenhouse was bored with a Bosch electric drill to make a hole (∼8-mm diameter), inoculated with 0.5 ml of mycelia plug, and sealed with petrolatum. The inoculum was created by homogenizing five plates of flourish hyphal mats (∼125 ml) with a kitchen blender and adjusting to a final volume of 200 ml with sterilized ddH2O. No symptoms were observed in the seedlings or adult plants that were mock-inoculated with PDA plugs. Three days postinoculation (dpi), roots of the infected seedlings turned dark-brown and shrunk, and the leaves wilted. Typical stalk rot symptoms observed in the inoculated plants were premature wilting of the entire plant and hollow and weak stalks, leading to lodging; the longitudinal section of the internodes exhibited obvious dark brown necrosis and reddish discoloration at 14 and 30 dpi, respectively. F. kyushuense was reisolated from the inoculated stalk lesions but not from the control. This is the first record of stalk rot caused by F. kyushuense on maize plants in China. However, F. kyushuense is known to cause maize ear rot in China (Wang et al. 2014) and can produce type A and type B trichothecene mycotoxins in kernels (Aoki and O’Donnell 1998). The occurrence of maize stalk rot and ear rot caused by F. kyushuense should be monitored in China due to the potential risk for crop loss and mycotoxin contamination.The author(s) declare no conflict of interest.References:Aoki, T., and O’Donnell, K. 1998. Mycoscience 39:1. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02461571 Crossref, Google ScholarDuan, C. X., et al. 2016. Toxins (Basel) 8:186. https://doi.org/10.3390/toxins8060186 Crossref, ISI, Google ScholarO’Donnell, K., et al. 1998. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 95:2044. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.95.5.2044 Crossref, ISI, Google ScholarShan, L. Y., et al. 2017. Plant Dis. 101:837. https://doi.org/10.1094/PDIS-10-16-1465-PDN Link, ISI, Google ScholarWang, J. H., et al. 2014. Plant Dis. 98:279. https://doi.org/10.1094/PDIS-05-13-0558-PDN Link, ISI, Google ScholarYe, J., et al. 2013. Mol. Plant-Microbe Interact. 26:1417. https://doi.org/10.1094/MPMI-06-13-0161-R Link, ISI, Google ScholarZhang, Y., et al. 2016. PLoS Pathog. 12:e1005485. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.ppat.1005485 Crossref, ISI, Google ScholarY. Y. Cao and J. Zhang contributed equally to this work.Funding: This project was supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China (2016YFD0100103), Special Fund for Protection of Crop Germplasm Resources (2019NWB036-12), and the Fundamental Research Funds of the Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences (2020ZC05).The author(s) declare no conflict of interest.DetailsFiguresLiterature CitedRelated Vol. 105, No. 11 November 2021SubscribeISSN:0191-2917e-ISSN:1943-7692 DownloadCaptionFoliar mottling and interveinal yellowing symptoms on melon leaves in the Central Valley of California (S. Mondal et al.). Photo credit: W. M. Wintermantel. Improved wheat plant growth in Pratylenchus neglectus infested soil by applying aldicarb at the time of planting (R. W. Smiley et al.). Photo credit: R. W. Smiley. 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Metrics Article History Issue Date: 11 Jan 2022Published: 16 Nov 2021First Look: 27 Apr 2021Accepted: 19 Apr 2021 Page: 3759 Information© 2021 The American Phytopathological SocietyFundingNational Key Research and Development Program of ChinaGrant/Award Number: 2016YFD0100103Special Fund for Protection of Crop Germplasm ResourcesGrant/Award Number: 2019NWB036-12Fundamental Research Funds of the Henan Academy of Agricultural SciencesGrant/Award Number: 2020ZC05Keywordsmaize stalk rotFusarium kyushuensemolecular identificationphylogenetic analysismorphological characteristicspathogenicity determinationThe author(s) declare no conflict of interest.PDF downloadCited byExogenous brassinosteroids promotes root growth, enhances stress tolerance, and increases yield in maize1 July 2022 | Plant Signaling & Behavior, Vol. 17, No. 1First Report of Fusarium culmorum Causing Maize Stalk Rot in ChinaL. K. Xia, Y. Y. Cao, J. Wang, J. Zhang, S. B. Han, H. Y. Li, and C. X. 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