First Report of a Leaf Blight Caused by Pyricularia pennisetigena on Cenchrus echinatus in Paraguay
2021; American Phytopathological Society; Volume: 105; Issue: 11 Linguagem: Inglês
10.1094/pdis-02-21-0287-pdn
ISSN1943-7692
AutoresCinthia Cazal, Yessica Magaliz Reyes-Caballero, Alice Rocío Chávez, Pastor Pérez‐Estigarribia, Andrés José Armadans Rojas., Andrea Alejandra Arrúa Alvarenga, Juliana Moura Mendes, Horacio D. Lopez-Nicora, Man Mohan Kohli,
Tópico(s)Plant Pathogens and Fungal Diseases
ResumoHomePlant DiseaseVol. 105, No. 11First Report of a Leaf Blight Caused by Pyricularia pennisetigena on Cenchrus echinatus in Paraguay PreviousNext DISEASE NOTE OPENOpen Access licenseFirst Report of a Leaf Blight Caused by Pyricularia pennisetigena on Cenchrus echinatus in ParaguayC. C. Cazal-Martínez, Y. M. Reyes-Caballero, A. Chávez, P. E. Pérez-Estigarribia, A. Rojas, A. Arrua, J. Moura-Mendes, H. D. Lopez-Nicora, and M. M. KohliC. C. Cazal-MartínezUniversidad Nacional de Asunción, Centro Multidisciplinario de Investigaciones Tecnológicas, San Lorenzo, ParaguayCámara Paraguaya de Exportadores y Comercializadores de Cereales y Oleaginosas, Asunción, Paraguay, Y. M. Reyes-CaballeroCámara Paraguaya de Exportadores y Comercializadores de Cereales y Oleaginosas, Asunción, Paraguay, A. ChávezCámara Paraguaya de Exportadores y Comercializadores de Cereales y Oleaginosas, Asunción, Paraguay, P. E. Pérez-EstigarribiaUniversidad Nacional de Asunción, Facultad de Politécnica, San Lorenzo, Paraguay, A. RojasUniversidad Nacional de Asunción, Facultad de Politécnica, San Lorenzo, Paraguay, A. Arruahttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-9489-2120Universidad Nacional de Asunción, Centro Multidisciplinario de Investigaciones Tecnológicas, San Lorenzo, ParaguayUniversidad Nacional de Asunción, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, San Lorenzo, Paraguay, J. Moura-MendesUniversidad Nacional de Asunción, Centro Multidisciplinario de Investigaciones Tecnológicas, San Lorenzo, Paraguay, H. D. Lopez-Nicora†Corresponding author: H. D. Lopez-Nicora; E-mail Address: [email protected]https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9672-9589Universidad San Carlos, Departamento de Producción Agrícola, Asunción, Paraguay, and M. M. KohliCámara Paraguaya de Exportadores y Comercializadores de Cereales y Oleaginosas, Asunción, ParaguayAffiliationsAuthors and Affiliations C. C. Cazal-Martínez1 2 Y. M. Reyes-Caballero2 A. Chávez2 P. E. Pérez-Estigarribia3 A. Rojas3 A. Arrua1 4 J. Moura-Mendes1 H. D. Lopez-Nicora5 † M. M. Kohli2 1Universidad Nacional de Asunción, Centro Multidisciplinario de Investigaciones Tecnológicas, San Lorenzo, Paraguay 2Cámara Paraguaya de Exportadores y Comercializadores de Cereales y Oleaginosas, Asunción, Paraguay 3Universidad Nacional de Asunción, Facultad de Politécnica, San Lorenzo, Paraguay 4Universidad Nacional de Asunción, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, San Lorenzo, Paraguay 5Universidad San Carlos, Departamento de Producción Agrícola, Asunción, Paraguay Published Online:1 Nov 2021https://doi.org/10.1094/PDIS-02-21-0287-PDNAboutSectionsView articlePDFSupplemental ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack Citations ShareShare onFacebookTwitterLinked InRedditEmailWechat View articleThe genus Pyricularia contains several fungal species known to cause diseases on plants in the Poaceae family (Klaubauf et al. 2014; Wang et al. 2019). While sampling for P. oryzae during March 2015 and April 2018, the common weed Cenchrus echinatus L. was observed with leaf lesions in and around experimental wheat fields in the departments of Canindeyú and Itapúa. C. echinatus samples from both locations displayed similar leaf lesions, varying from small light brown pinpoint to elliptical brown lesions with a greyish center. Symptomatic leaves were surface disinfested and cultured on potato dextrose agar (PDA) amended with 1% gentamicin at 25°C. Two monosporic isolates were obtained, one from Itapúa (ITCeh117) and the other from Canindeyú (YCeh55). The isolates were subsequently grown on oatmeal agar (OA) and PDA under a 12-h photoperiod at 25°C and evaluated after 10 days for colony diameter, sporulation, and macroscopic and microscopic features. Colonies on OA reached up to 4.8 cm in diameter and were light gray, whereas colonies on PDA reached up to 5.3 cm in diameter and were brown with gray centers, with cottony mycelium and broad white rims. Mycelium consisted of smooth, hyaline, branched, septate hyphae 4 to 4.5 µm in diameter. Conidiophores were erect, straight or curved, unbranched, medium brown, and smooth. Conidia were solitary, pyriform, pale brown, smooth, granular, two-septate, 32 to 33 × 9 to 10 μm, truncated with protruding hilum, and varied in length from 1.0 to 1.5 μm and diameters from 2.0 to 2.2 μm. Both isolates were similar and identified as Pyricularia pennisetigena, according to morphological and morphometric characteristics (Klaubauf et al. 2014). Subsequently, genomic DNA was extracted from each isolate using the primers described in Klaubauf et al. (2014) to amplify and sequence the internal transcribed spacers (ITS), partial large subunit (LSU), partial RNA polymerase II large subunit gene (RPB1), partial actin gene (ACT), and partial calmodulin gene (CAL). Sequences from each isolate (YCeh55/ITCeh117) were deposited in GenBank with the following submission IDs: MN947521/MN947526 (ITS), MN984710/MN984715 (RPB1), MN944829/MN944834 (LSU), MN917177/MN917182 (ACT), and MN984688/MN984693 (CAL). Phylogenetic analysis was conducted using the software Beast version 1.10.4. The results obtained from the concatenated matrix of the five loci placed these isolates in the P. pennisetigena clade. To confirm pathogenicity, each isolate was adjusted to 5 × 104 conidia/ml of sterile water, and C. echinatus plants were sprayed with the conidial suspension for isolate YCeh55, isolate ITCeh117, or sterile water using an oilless airbrush sprayer until runoff. The three treatments were kept in the greenhouse at 25 to 28°C and about 75% relative humidity under natural daylight. Each treatment included three to five inoculated plants, and 10 leaves were evaluated per treatment. Symptoms were observed 8 to 15 days after inoculation and were similar to those originally observed in the field for both isolates, whereas the control plants remained asymptomatic. P. pennisetigena was reisolated from the inoculated leaves, fulfilling Koch's postulates. To our knowledge, this is the first report of leaf blight on C. echinatus caused by P. pennisetigena in Paraguay. The occurrence of P. pennisetigena in the region and its ability to infect economically important crops such as wheat and barley (Klaubauf et al. 2014; Reges et al. 2016, 2018) pose a potential threat to agriculture in Paraguay.The author(s) declare no conflict of interest.References:Klaubauf, S., et al. 2014. Stud. Mycol. 79:85. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.simyco.2014.09.004 Crossref, ISI, Google ScholarReges, J. T. D. A., et al. 2018. Rev. Cienc. Agrar. (Lisb.) 61:1. https://doi.org/10.22491/rca.2018.2628 Google ScholarReges, T. J. D. A., et al. 2016. Pesqui. Agropecu. Trop. 46:206. https://doi.org/10.1590/1983-40632016v4641335 Crossref, Google ScholarWang, H., et al. 2019. Plant Dis. 103:370. https://doi.org/10.1094/PDIS-04-18-0648-PDN Link, Google ScholarFunding: This research was financially supported by the National Wheat Project under the IPTA/CAPECO/INBIO agreement. The authors thank the Dirección de Investigación, Innovación y Extensión (DIIE) of Universidad San Carlos for additional support (DIIE-POA-OE2-AE-AO3).The author(s) declare no conflict of interest.DetailsFiguresLiterature CitedRelated Vol. 105, No. 11 November 2021SubscribeISSN:0191-2917e-ISSN:1943-7692 DownloadCaptionFoliar mottling and interveinal yellowing symptoms on melon leaves in the Central Valley of California (S. 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