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TET1 upregulation drives cancer cell growth through aberrant enhancer hydroxymethylation of HMGA2 in hepatocellular carcinoma

2021; Wiley; Volume: 112; Issue: 7 Linguagem: Inglês

10.1111/cas.14897

1349-7006

Kiyokazu Shirai, Genta Nagae, M. Seki, Yotaro Kudo, Asuka Kamio, Akimasa Hayashi, Atsushi Okabe, Satoshi Ota, Shuichi Tsutsumi, Takanori Fujita, Shogo Yamamoto, Ryo Nakaki, Yasuharu Kanki, Tsuyoshi Osawa, Yutaka Midorikawa, Keisuke Tateishi, Masao Ichinose, Hiroyuki Aburatani,

Cancer-related gene regulation

Abstract Ten‐eleven translocation 1 (TET1) is an essential methylcytosine dioxygenase of the DNA demethylation pathway. Despite its dysregulation being known to occur in human cancer, the role of TET1 remains poorly understood. In this study, we report that TET1 promotes cell growth in human liver cancer. The transcriptome analysis of 68 clinical liver samples revealed a subgroup of TET1 ‐upregulated hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), demonstrating hepatoblast‐like gene expression signatures. We performed comprehensive cytosine methylation and hydroxymethylation (5‐hmC) profiling and found that 5‐hmC was aberrantly deposited preferentially in active enhancers. TET1 knockdown in hepatoma cell lines decreased hmC deposition with cell growth suppression. HMGA2 was highly expressed in a TET1 high subgroup of HCC, associated with the hyperhydroxymethylation of its intronic region, marked as histone H3K4–monomethylated, where the H3K27‐acetylated active enhancer chromatin state induced interactions with its promoter. Collectively, our findings point to a novel type of epigenetic dysregulation, methylcytosine dioxygenase TET1 , which promotes cell proliferation via the ectopic enhancer of its oncogenic targets, HMGA2 , in hepatoblast‐like HCC.