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Implicações Advindas do Emprego Indiscriminado de Agrotóxicos no Brasil / Implications of Indiscriminate Employment of Pesticides in Brazil

2020; Linguagem: Português

10.12819/rsf.2020.7.1.5

2236-0123

Danielle Brandão de Melo, Brisa Mariana Costa da Cruz, Lourenço Luiz Botelho de Santana,

Pesticide Exposure and Toxicity

O Brasil e o maior consumidor de agrotoxicos do mundo desde 2008 em numeros absolutos. Varias pesquisas comprovam as consequencias para o meio ambiente e a saude humana em relacao a exposicao aos defensivos quimicos. O objetivo do presente estudo e analisar a crescente utilizacao de agrotoxicos no Brasil e suas respectivas implicacoes em saude publica, meio ambiente e agronegocio. Foi realizada uma revisao sistematica do tipo integrativa, em bases de dados cientificas nacionais e internacionais, dentre elas a Web of Science e Scientific Electronic Library (Scielo), Coordenacao de Aperfeicoamento de Pessoal de Nivel Superior (Capes), Biblioteca Virtual em Saude (BVS), PubMed e Google academico, cuja data compreendesse o periodo de 2014 a 2019, exceto a legislacao pertinente; nos idiomas portugues e ingles. No segundo semestre de 2019, o Ministerio da Agricultura (MA) aprovou o registro de mais 51 agrotoxicos totalizando 262 pesticidas no mesmo ano. Com isso, a Agencia Nacional de Vigilância Sanitaria lancou um novo marco regulatorio para a avaliacao e classificacao toxicologica de agrotoxicos, visando tornar mais criteriosas e claras as informacoes nos rotulos desses produtos via pictogramas que, segundo a proposta, facilitam a identificacao de perigos a vida e a saude humana. As mudancas foram pautadas com base nos padroes do Sistema Globalmente Harmonizado de Classificacao e Rotulagem de Produtos, consolidando a convergencia internacional na area, buscando fortalecer o mercado de exportacao de insumos nacionais no setor. Todavia, paradoxalmente, agrotoxicos potencialmente cancerigenos e capazes de causar autismo em criancas, a exemplo do glifosato, o mais utilizado no Brasil, foram aprovados para uso no pais, controversos aos permitidos na Uniao Europeia e America do Norte, mais precisamente os Estados Unidos. Adicionalmente, estudos evidenciam que alimentos com agrotoxicos tem menor valor nutricional de micronutrientes e antioxidantes em relacao aos alimentos orgânicos. Conclusao: Fica evidente que as decisoes do MA outrossim o novo marco regulatorio sobre os agrotoxicos prejudicam a saude humana, ambiental e, por isso, tendem a enfraquecer a aceitacao dos produtos agricolas contaminados com pesticidas vetados pelo mercado internacional. Logo, ha conflitos de interesses evidenciados no setor, que haja vista so favorecem as agroindustrias, alem de, indiretamente, a iniciativa privada em saude. Palavras-chave: Agrotoxicos. Seguranca ASlimentar. Doencas. Ministerio da Agricultura. Impactos Ambientais. ABSTRACT Brazil is the largest consumer of pesticides in the world since 2008 in absolute numbers. Several researches prove the environmental and human health consequences of exposure to chemical pesticides. The aim of the present study is to analyze the increasing use of pesticides in Brazil and their implications for public health, environment and agribusiness. A systematic review of the integrative type was performed in national and international scientific databases, including the Web of Science and the Scientific Electronic Library (Scielo), Coordination for the Improvement of Higher Education Personnel (Capes), Virtual Health Library (VHL). ), PubMed, and Google Academic, which date from 2014 to 2019, except for applicable law; in the Portuguese and English languages. In the second half of 2019, the Ministry of Agriculture (MA) approved the registration of another 51 pesticides totaling 262 pesticides in the same year. With this, the National Health Surveillance Agency has launched a new regulatory framework for the toxicological assessment and classification of pesticides, aiming to make more careful and clear information on the labels of these products via pictograms that, according to the proposal, facilitate the identification of life hazards. and human health. The changes were based on the globally Harmonized Standards of Product Classification and Labeling, consolidating international convergence in the area, seeking to strengthen the export market of domestic inputs in the sector. Paradoxically, however, potentially carcinogenic pesticides capable of causing autism in children, such as glyphosate, the most widely used in Brazil, have been approved for use in Brazil, controversial to those allowed in the European Union and North America, specifically the United States. Additionally, studies show that foods with pesticides have lower nutritional value of micronutrients and antioxidants than organic foods. Conclusion: It is clear that MA decisions and the new regulatory framework on pesticides are detrimental to human and environmental health and thus tend to weaken the acceptance of pesticide-contaminated agricultural products vetoed by the international market. Therefore, there are conflicts of interest evidenced in the sector, which only favor agribusinesses, as well as, indirectly, private initiative in health. Keywords: Pesticides. Food Safety. Diseases. Ministry of Agriculture. Environmental Impacts.