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First report of Geotrichum candidum causing sour rot of longkong fruits ( Lansium domesticum ) in Southern Thailand

2021; Wiley; Volume: 43; Issue: 2 Linguagem: Inglês

10.1002/ndr2.12016

2044-0588

Aiya Chantarasiri, Parima Boontanom, Wichian Siriprom, Sopanat Kongsriprapan,

Phytochemical compounds biological activities

New Disease ReportsVolume 43, Issue 2 e12016 NEW DISEASE REPORTOpen Access First report of Geotrichum candidum causing sour rot of longkong fruits (Lansium domesticum) in Southern Thailand A. Chantarasiri, Corresponding Author A. Chantarasiri [email protected] orcid.org/0000-0002-2161-4058 Faculty of Science, Energy and Environment, King Mongkut's University of Technology North Bangkok, Rayong Campus, Rayong, 21120 Thailand Correspondence A. Chantarasiri, Faculty of Science, Energy and Environment, King Mongkut's University of Technology North Bangkok, Rayong Campus, Rayong 21120, Thailand E-mail: [email protected]Search for more papers by this authorP. Boontanom, P. Boontanom Faculty of Science, Energy and Environment, King Mongkut's University of Technology North Bangkok, Rayong Campus, Rayong, 21120 ThailandSearch for more papers by this authorW. Siriprom, W. Siriprom Faculty of Science at Si Racha, Kasetsart University, Si Racha Campus, Chonburi, 20230 ThailandSearch for more papers by this authorS. Kongsriprapan, S. Kongsriprapan Faculty of Science at Si Racha, Kasetsart University, Si Racha Campus, Chonburi, 20230 ThailandSearch for more papers by this author A. Chantarasiri, Corresponding Author A. Chantarasiri [email protected] orcid.org/0000-0002-2161-4058 Faculty of Science, Energy and Environment, King Mongkut's University of Technology North Bangkok, Rayong Campus, Rayong, 21120 Thailand Correspondence A. Chantarasiri, Faculty of Science, Energy and Environment, King Mongkut's University of Technology North Bangkok, Rayong Campus, Rayong 21120, Thailand E-mail: [email protected]Search for more papers by this authorP. Boontanom, P. Boontanom Faculty of Science, Energy and Environment, King Mongkut's University of Technology North Bangkok, Rayong Campus, Rayong, 21120 ThailandSearch for more papers by this authorW. Siriprom, W. Siriprom Faculty of Science at Si Racha, Kasetsart University, Si Racha Campus, Chonburi, 20230 ThailandSearch for more papers by this authorS. Kongsriprapan, S. Kongsriprapan Faculty of Science at Si Racha, Kasetsart University, Si Racha Campus, Chonburi, 20230 ThailandSearch for more papers by this author First published: 17 June 2021 https://doi.org/10.1002/ndr2.12016Citations: 1AboutSectionsPDF ToolsRequest permissionExport citationAdd to favoritesTrack citation ShareShare Give accessShare full text accessShare full-text accessPlease review our Terms and Conditions of Use and check box below to share full-text version of article.I have read and accept the Wiley Online Library Terms and Conditions of UseShareable LinkUse the link below to share a full-text version of this article with your friends and colleagues. Learn more.Copy URL Share a linkShare onFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditWechat Lansium domesticum is an endemic fruit tree belonging to the Meliaceae family, originating and cultivated in Southeast Asia (Techavuthiporn, 2018). Longkong is the most popular of three main groups of cultivars of Lansium spp. (Te-chato et al., 2005). During the last few years, ripe longkong fruits have been spoiled by sour rot symptoms. The symptoms of disease include the growth of white mycelium on the fruit peel, resulting in decayed, watery, and sour-smelling fruit within a few days post-harvest (Fig. 1). Therefore, sour rot is considered a significant problem at the post-harvest, storage, and shipment stages. FIGURE 1Open in figure viewerPowerPoint Symptoms of sour rot on longkong fruits collected from Lam Phaya, Yala Province. Fifty symptomatic fruit were collected in October 2019 from orchards in Lam Phaya, Yala Province, located in the southern region of Thailand. The fruit peels were cut into 1×1 cm fragments under aseptic conditions. They were surface-sterilised with sodium hypochlorite solution (5 ml/l), washed three times in sterilised water, and plated on dichloran Rose Bengal chloramphenicol agar as a selective medium and potato dextrose agar (PDA) as a relatively rich medium. All inoculated agar plates were incubated at 30°C for seven days in the dark. Subsequently, the isolated fungal colonies and emerging fungal mycelium were inoculated for culture purification on PDA. All purified isolates showed similar colony, mycelium and conidia morphology. The fungal colonies were flat with white floccose mycelium (Fig. 2). Mycelium were hyaline and septate. Conidia were hyaline with cylindrical to sub-globose in shape. FIGURE 2Open in figure viewerPowerPoint Colony morphology of G. candidum isolated from symptomatic fruits, cultured on potato dextrose agar at 30°C for seven days in the dark. Total genomic DNA of the fungus was extracted from a seven-day-old culture using the GF Fungus DNA Extraction Kit (Vivantis, Malaysia) and PCR amplified using OnePCR reaction mixture (Bio-Helix, Taiwan) with ITS1/ITS4 primers (White et al., 1990). The PCR product was sequenced (Macrogen Inc., Korea) and the resulting sequence was deposited in GenBank (Accession No. MW063486). Sequence alignment using the BLASTn showed that the isolated fungus was closely related to Geotrichum candidum strain S001 (KY486783.1) with 100% coverage and 98.13% identity. A pathogenicity test was done on 20 healthy longkong fruits, surface-sterilised using sodium hypochlorite solution and washed in sterilised water according as described previously. A conidial suspension (105 conidia/ml) of the isolated fungus was sprayed onto the surface of the fruits. The control comprised 20 additional fruits that were sprayed with sterilised water. All fruits were incubated in separate sterilised plastic bags at 30°C for seven days in the dark and observed for sour rot symptoms. Symptom development was observed daily. All experiments were assayed in triplicate. Symptoms of sour rot were produced on the inoculated fruits, whereas the controls did not develop any symptoms at the end of the experiment (Fig. 3). The symptoms were similar to those observed on naturally infected fruits. The pathogenic fungus was re-isolated from the symptomatic fruits and identified by PCR as G. candidum, thus fulfilling Koch's postulates. FIGURE 3Open in figure viewerPowerPoint Pathogenicity test of G. candidum on longkong fruits: inoculated (A) and control (B) fruits after seven days incubation. To our knowledge, this is the first report of G. candidum causing sour rot of longkong fruits in Thailand. Previous reports from other countries have described G. candidum causing sour rot and the decay of various fruits and vegetables such as carrot, citrus fruit, loquat, nectarine, peach, and tomatoes (Thornton et al., 2010; Hafeez et al., 2015). The symptoms mainly occur on ripe fruits, but may also occur on damaged premature fruits (Hafeez et al., 2015). The findings of this study will help in the development of disease management and preventative methods. Acknowledgements The authors would like to thank the orchardists in Lam Phaya for kindly providing the longkong fruits used in this study. References Hafeez R, Akhtar N, Shoaib A, Bashir U, Haider MS, Awan ZA, 2015. First report of Geotrichum candidum from Pakistan causing postharvest sour rot in loquat (Eriobotrya japonica). The Journal of Animal & Plant Sciences 25, 1737– 1740. Te-chato S, Lim M, Masahiro M, 2005. Comparison of cultivar identification methods of longkong, langsat and duku: Lansium spp. Songklanakarin Journal of Science and Technology 27, 465– 472. Techavuthiporn C, 2018. Langsat-Lansium domesticum. In: S Rodrigues, E Oliveira Silva, ES Brito, eds. Exotic Fruits Reference Guide. London, UK: Academic Press, 279– 283.10.1016/B978-0-12-803138-4.00036-8 Thornton CR, Slaughter DC, Davis RM, 2010. Detection of the sour-rot pathogen Geotrichum candidum in tomato fruit and juice by using a highly specific monoclonal antibody-based ELISA. International Journal of Food Microbiology 143, 166– 172.10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2010.08.012 White TJ, Bruns T, Lee S, Taylor J, 1990. Amplification and direct sequencing of fungal ribosomal RNA genes for phylogenetics. In: MA Innis, DH Gelfand, JJ Sninsky, TJ White, eds. PCR Protocols: A Guide to Methods and Applications. San Diego, USA: Academic Press, 315– 322.10.1016/B978-0-12-372180-8.50042-1 Citing Literature Volume43, Issue2April–June 2021e12016 FiguresReferencesRelatedInformation