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Cranial US in Infants Exposed to Zika Virus: The NATZIG Cohort

2021; Radiological Society of North America; Volume: 300; Issue: 3 Linguagem: Inglês

10.1148/radiol.2021204150

1527-1315

Sara Reis Teixeira, Jorge Elías, Conrado Milani Coutinho, Maria Clara Zanon Zotin, Aparecida Yulie Yamamoto, Sílvia Fabiana Biason de Moura Negrini, Marisa Márcia Mussi‐Pinhata, Geraldo Duarte, Conrado Milani Coutinho, Patrícia Pereira dos Santos Melli, Marília Carolina Razera Moro, Ligia Conceição Marçal Assef, G Schroeder, Silvana Maria Quintana, Marisa Márcia Mussi‐Pinhata, Adriana Aparecida Tiraboschi Bárbaro, Juliana Dias Crivelenti Pereira Fernandes, Márcia Soares Freitas da Motta, Fabiana Amaral, Paulo Henrique Manso, Bento Vidal de Moura Negrini, Daniela Anderson, Juannicelle Tenório Albuquerque Madruga Godoi, Marina de Mattos Louren, Fernando da Silva Ramalho, Ana Paula Andrade Hamad, Carla Andréa Cardoso Tanuri Caldas, Marili André Coelho, Rafaela Pichini de Oliveira, Sílvia Fabiana Biason de Moura Negrini, SAMUEL DE CARVALHO RODRIGUES, Nádia Lombardi Maximino Siqueira, Danusa Menegat, Thamires Máximo Neves Felice, João M. Furtado, Milena Simões Freitas e Silva, Rafael Estevão De Angeli, Adriana Ribeiro Tavares Anastásio, E Teixeira, C. Guidi, Priscila Morales Andreazzi, Sara Reis Teixeira, Jorge Elías, Antônio Carlos dos Santos, Adriana Veneziani Morales Morimoto, Joseane Cristina Bonfim Augusto, Maria Natalina Ferreira da Silva, Eunice Gonçalves da Silva, Maria Beatriz Cruz de Souza, Aparecida Yulie Yamamoto, Cleonice de Souza Barbosa Sandoval, Mirian Borges de Oliveira, A.S. Zampolo,

Neonatal and fetal brain pathology

Background Studies addressing neuroimaging findings as primary outcomes of congenital Zika virus infection are variable regarding inclusion criteria and confirmatory laboratory testing. Purpose To investigate cranial US signs of prenatal Zika virus exposure and to describe frequencies of cranial US findings in infants exposed to Zika virus compared to those in control infants. Materials and Methods In this single-center prospective cohort study, participants were enrolled during the December 2015-July 2016 outbreak of Zika virus infection in southeast Brazil (Natural History of Zika Virus Infection in Gestation cohort). Eligibility criteria were available cranial US and laboratory findings of maternal Zika virus infection during pregnancy confirmed with RNA polymerase chain reaction testing (ie, Zika virus-exposed infants). The control group was derived from the Zika in Infants and Pregnancy cohort and consisted of infants born to asymptomatic pregnant women who tested negative for Zika virus infection during pregnancy. Two radiologists who were blinded to the maternal Zika virus infection status independently reviewed cranial US scans from both groups and categorized them as normal findings, Zika virus-like pattern, or mild findings. Associations between cranial US findings and prenatal Zika virus exposure were assessed with univariable analysis. Results Two hundred twenty Zika virus-exposed infants (mean age, 53.3 days ± 71.1 [standard deviation]; 113 boys) and born to 219 mothers infected with Zika virus were included in this study and compared with 170 control infants (mean age, 45.6 days ± 45.8; 102 boys). Eleven of the 220 Zika virus-exposed infants (5%), but no control infants, had a Zika virus-like pattern at cranial US. No difference in frequency of mild findings was observed between the groups (50 of 220 infants [23%] vs 44 of 170 infants [26%], respectively; P = .35). The mild finding of lenticulostriate vasculopathy, however, was nine times more frequent in Zika virus-exposed infants (12 of 220 infants, 6%) than in control infants (one of 170 infants, 1%) (P = .01). Conclusion Lenticulostriate vasculopathy was more common after prenatal exposure to Zika virus, even in infants with normal head size, despite otherwise overall similar frequency of mild cranial US findings in Zika virus-exposed infants and in control infants. © RSNA, 2021 Online supplemental material is available for this article. See also the editorial by Benson in this issue.