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Environmental and anthropogenic factors synergistically affect space use of jaguars

2021; Elsevier BV; Volume: 31; Issue: 15 Linguagem: Inglês

10.1016/j.cub.2021.06.029

1879-0445

Jeffrey J. Thompson, Ronaldo Gonçalves Morato, Bernardo Brandão Niebuhr, Vanesa Bejarano Alegre, Júlia Emi de Faria Oshima, Alan Eduardo de Barros, Agustín Paviolo, J. Antonio de la Torre, Fernando Lima, Roy McBride, Rogério Cunha de Paula, Laury Cullen, Leandro Silveira, Daniel Luis Zanella Kantek, Emiliano Esterci Ramalho, Louise Maranhão, Mario Haberfeld, Dênis A. Sana, Rodrigo A. Medellín, Eduardo Carrillo, Víctor Montalvo, Octavio Monroy‐Vilchis, Paula Cruz, Anah T. A. Jácomo, Giselle Bastos Alves, Ivonne Cassaigne, Ron Thompson, Carolina Sáenz‐Bolaños, Juan Carlos Hinojosa Cruz, Luis Diego Alfaro, Isabel Hagnauer, Marina Xavier da Silva, Alexandre Vogliotti, Marcela Figuerêdo Duarte Moraes, Selma Samiko Miyazaki, Gediendson Ribeiro de Araújo, Leanes Cruz da Silva, Lucas Leuzinger, Marina Mouzinho Carvalho, Lilian Elaine Rampim, Leonardo Sartorello, Howard Quigley, Fernando Rodrigo Tortato, Rafael Hoogesteijn, Peter G. Crawshaw, Allison L. Devlin, Joares Adenílson May-Júnior, George V. N. Powell, Mathias W. Tobler, Samia E. Carrillo‐Percastegui, Esteban Payán, Fernando César Cascelli de Azevedo, Henrique Villas Boas Concone, Verónica Quiroga, Sebastián Andrés Costa, Juan Pablo Arrabal, Ezequiel Vanderhoeven, Yamil E. Di Blanco, Alexandre Martins Costa Lopes, Milton Cézar Ribeiro,

Forest Management and Policy

Large terrestrial carnivores have undergone some of the largest population declines and range reductions of any species, which is of concern as they can have large effects on ecosystem dynamics and function.1Dirzo R. Young H.S. Galetti M. Ceballos G. Isaac N.J.B. Collen B. Defaunation in the Anthropocene.Science. 2014; 345: 401-406Crossref PubMed Scopus (1740) Google Scholar, 2Ripple W.J. Estes J.A. Beschta R.L. Wilmers C.C. Ritchie E.G. Hebblewhite M. Berger J. Elmhagen B. Letnic M. Nelson M.P. et al.Status and ecological effects of the world’s largest carnivores.Science. 2014; 343: 1241484Crossref PubMed Scopus (1670) Google Scholar, 3Ceballos G. Ehrlich P.R. Dirzo R. Biological annihilation via the ongoing sixth mass extinction signaled by vertebrate population losses and declines.Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA. 2017; 114: E6089-E6096Crossref PubMed Scopus (921) Google Scholar, 4Estes J.A. Terborgh J. Brashares J.S. Power M.E. Berger J. Bond W.J. Carpenter S.R. Essington T.E. Holt R.D. Jackson J.B.C. et al.Trophic downgrading of planet Earth.Science. 2011; 333: 301-306Crossref PubMed Scopus (2306) Google Scholar The jaguar (Panthera onca) is the apex predator throughout the majority of the Neotropics; however, its distribution has been reduced by >50% and it survives in increasingly isolated populations.5de la Torre J.A. González-Maya J.F. Zarza H. Ceballos G. Medellín R.A. The jaguar’s spots are darker than they appear: assessing the global conservation status of the jaguar Panthera onca.Oryx. 2018; 52: 300-315Crossref Scopus (42) Google Scholar Consequently, the range-wide management of the jaguar depends upon maintaining core populations connected through multi-national, transboundary cooperation, which requires understanding the movement ecology and space use of jaguars throughout their range.6United Nations Development ProgramPantheraWildlife Conservation SocietyWorldwide Fund for NatureJaguar 2030 Roadmap. Regional plan to save America’s largest cat and its ecosystem.2019https://www.panthera.org/cms/sites/default/files/Panthera_Jaguar2030Roadmap_ENG.pdfGoogle Scholar, 7Rabinowitz A. An Indomitable Beast. Island Press, 2014Crossref Scopus (9) Google Scholar, 8Rabinowitz A. Zeller K.A. A range-wide model of landscape connectivity and conservation for the jaguar, Panthera onca.Biol. Conserv. 2010; 143: 939-945Crossref Scopus (229) Google Scholar Using GPS telemetry data for 111 jaguars from 13 ecoregions within the four biomes that constitute the majority of jaguar habitat, we examined the landscape-level environmental and anthropogenic factors related to jaguar home range size and movement parameters. Home range size decreased with increasing net productivity and forest cover and increased with increasing road density. Speed decreased with increasing forest cover with no sexual differences, while males had more directional movements, but tortuosity in movements was not related to any landscape factors. We demonstrated a synergistic relationship between landscape-scale environmental and anthropogenic factors and jaguars’ spatial needs, which has applications to the conservation strategy for the species throughout the Neotropics. Using large-scale collaboration, we overcame limitations from small sample sizes typical in large carnivore research to provide a mechanism to evaluate habitat quality for jaguars and an inferential modeling framework adaptable to the conservation of other large terrestrial carnivores.Video AbstracteyJraWQiOiI4ZjUxYWNhY2IzYjhiNjNlNzFlYmIzYWFmYTU5NmZmYyIsImFsZyI6IlJTMjU2In0.eyJzdWIiOiIyOGI2MDRjNzJjODQ0MmE2NWM5Yjc2NzZlNjAwZDU0ZSIsImtpZCI6IjhmNTFhY2FjYjNiOGI2M2U3MWViYjNhYWZhNTk2ZmZjIiwiZXhwIjoxNjcwNjY0MjAyfQ.EyLlaGzpncTfis5Mt56eiLVb5WV81HajiGNnbfPhJ04ABTv0iWvWpdZnrfnGJVzbWQ4ELClrUf5BcJxJVBZ-KQtf_6d7mhX3UMesIa10rZcajBdpFSVCukdOP5Hc-QPUVoDv4jh85Wc9pVERtEA0GOEgVD1Wc5Pq_ImTu7TIdrJyk3RIF-X7oUIvMeXMemw59cZJlV01vMC-CYFbgH-NbjWUS8hjSDdHebwU3ChAsmg00r_Pojee7eo0830_QYt9nJGipWFFoo-JIRz3LLCS6-SULXxz3JTJgT1jIqDAyztIgkrRI-sIAUj5C0cyETwejpgg02JMm9jeyrhGxbKM2w(mp4, (39.64 MB) Download video