Twin Disasters: Tracking COVID-19 and Cyclone Amphan’s Impacts on SDGs in the Indian Sundarbans
2021; Taylor & Francis; Volume: 63; Issue: 4 Linguagem: Inglês
10.1080/00139157.2021.1924575
ISSN1939-9154
AutoresMalay Pramanik, Sylvia Szabo, Indrajit Pal, Parmeshwar Udmale, Jack O’Connor, Manas Kumar Sanyal, Souvanic Roy, Zita Sebesvári,
Tópico(s)COVID-19 Pandemic Impacts
ResumoClick to increase image sizeClick to decrease image size Notes1 World Health Organization, "Q&A on Coronaviruses" (11 February 2020), https://www.who.int/emergencies/diseases/novel-coronavirus-2019/question-and-answers-hub/q-a-detail/coronavirus-disease-covid-19.2 ILO, “Impact of Lockdown Measures on the Informal Economy, Geneva, Switzerland” (April 2020).3 The World Bank, “$1 Billion from World Bank to Protect India’s Poorest from COVID-19 (Coronavirus)” (14 May 2020), https://www.worldbank.org/en/news/press-release/2020/05/13/world-bank-covid-coronavirus-india-protect-poor.4 J. Basu, “Cyclone Amphan and High Tide: A 1-Hour Gap Saved Sundarbans From an Even Bigger Disaster,” Down to Earth (23 May 2020), https://www.downtoearth.org.in/news/climate-change/Cyclone-amphan-and-high-tide-a-1-hour-gap-saved-sundarbans-from-an-even-bigger-disaster-71332.5 S. Mazumdar, P. G. Mazumdar, B. Kanjilal, and P. K. Singh, “Multiple Shocks, Coping and Welfare Consequences: Natural Disasters and Health Shocks in the Indian Sundarbans,” PLoS ONE 9, no. 8 (2014): e105427, doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0105427.6 M. Pramanik et al, “Population Health Risks in Multi-Hazard Environments: Action Needed in the Cyclone Amphan and COVID-19–Hit Sundarbans Region, India,” Climate and Development (2020), doi:10.1080/17565529.2021.1889948.7 Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, “Climate Change 2007: Synthesis Report,” Contribution of Working Groups I, II, and III to the Fourth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (Geneva, Switzerland, 2007).8 M. Oppenheimer, B. Glavovic, J. Hinkel, R. Van de Wal, A. K. Magnan, A. Abd-Elgawad, R. Cai, M. Cifuentes-Jara, et al., “Sea Level Rise and Implications for Low Lying Islands, Coasts and Communities,” Technical Report, Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change Special Report on the Ocean and Cryosphere in a Changing Climate, in press (accessed 20 August 2019).9 M. Pramanik, “Changes and Status of Mangrove Habitat in Ganges Delta: Case Study in Indian Part of Sundarbans,” Forest Research 4, no. 3: (2015): 1–7.10 R. Hajra, S. Szabo, Z. Tessler, et al., “Unravelling the Association Between the Impact of Natural Hazards and Household Poverty: Evidence From the Indian Sundarban Delta,” Sustainability Science 12 (2017): 453–64.11 M. M. Begam, R. Chowdhury, T. Sutradhar, et al., “Forecasting Mangrove Ecosystem Degradation Utilizing Quantifiable Eco-Physiological Resilience—A Study From Indian Sundarbans,” Science Reports (2020): 10, 6683, https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-020-63586-4.12 M. Pramanik, “Assessment of the Impacts of Sea Level Rise on Mangrove Dynamics in the Indian Part of Sundarbans Using Geospatial Techniques,” Journal of Biodiversity, Bioprospecting and Development 3 (2016): 155.13 S. Szabo, F. G. Renaud, M. S. Hossain, Z. Sebesvari, et al., “Sustainable Development Goals Offer New Opportunities for Tropical Delta Regions,” Environment: Science and Policy for Sustainable Development 57, no. 4 (2015): 16–23.14 P. Daszak, C. das Neves, J. Amuasi, D. Hayman, T. Kuiken, B. Roche, et al., “IPBES Workshop on Biodiversity and Pandemics Executive Summary” (Bonn, Germany: IPBES Secretariat, 2020).15 Niti Aayog, “SDG India Index and Dashboard 2019–20” (NITI Aayog and United Nations, 2019), https://niti.gov.in/sites/default/files/SDG-India-Index-2.0_27-Dec.pdf.16 UN DESA, “Impact of COVID-19 on SDG Progress: A Statistical Perspective,” Policy Brief 81 (2020), https://unstats.un.org/sdgs/report/2020.17 U. Ghosh, S. Bose, R. Bramhachari, et al., “Expressing Collective Voices on Children’s Health: Photo Voice Exploration With Mothers of Young Children From the Indian Sundarbans,” BMC Health Service Research 16 (2016): 625.18 M. Bhattacharya, A. Kar, D. S. Chini, R. C. Malick, B. C. Patra, and B. K. Das, "Multi-Cluster Analysis of Crabs and Ichthyofaunal Diversity in Relation to Habitat Distribution at Tropical Mangrove Ecosystem of the Indian Sundarbans,” Regional Studies in Marine Science 24 (2018): 203–11.19 B. K. Chand, R. K. Trivedi, and S. K. Dubey, “Climate Change in Sundarban and Adaptation Strategy for Resilient Aquaculture,” Central Inland Fisheries Research Institute (2012).20 P. Ranscombe, “Rural Areas at Risk During COVID-19 Pandemic,” The Lancet (2020), doi.org/10.1016/S1473-3099 (20)30301-7.21 S. Bhabani, “Migrant Labourers Falling Prey to Tiger Attacks in Sundarban,” Indnews (7 August 2020), https://ind.news/migrant-labourers-falling-prey-to-tiger-attacks-in-sunderban.22 J. P. Basu, “Measurement of Vulnerability of Occupational Groups of Households in Different Agro Climatic Regions of West Bengal,” in Climate Change Vulnerability and Communities in Agro-climatic Regions of West Bengal, India (Cham, India: Springer, 2020), doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-50468-7_7.23 FAO, “Coronavirus Food Supply Chain Under Strain, What to Do?” (2020b).24 D. Gunnel, “Suicide Risk and Prevention During the COVID-19 Pandemic,” The Lancet (2020), doi.org/10.1016/S2215-0366(20)30171-1.25 United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs, “Achieving the SDGs Through the COVID-19 Response and Recovery,” Policy Brief 78 (2020).26 United Nations, “Asia and the Pacific SDG Progress Report 2020” (2020), https://www.unescap.org/sites/default/files/publications/ESCAP_Asia_and_the_Pacific_SDG_Progress_Report_2020.pdf.27 M. Bhatt, “Impact of COVID-19 on Humanitarian Actions in India,” southasiadisasters.net (2020): 190.28 A. Raha, S. Das, K. Banerjee, and A. Mitra, “Climate Change Impacts on Indian Sundarbans: A Time Series Analysis (1924–2008),” Biodiversity and Conservation 21 , no. 5 (2012): 1289–307.29 United Nations Office for Disaster Risk Reduction, “Addressing Disaster Risk Reduction of Multiple Hazards During the COVID-19 crisis,” Issue Brief, African Union Commission (2020).Additional informationNotes on contributorsMalay PramanikMalay Pramanik is an assistant professor at the Centre for Geo Informatics, Jamsetji Tata School of Disaster Studies, Tata Institute of Social Sciences, Mumbai, India. His research interests include multi-hazard and livelihood, climate change, sea-level rise, ecosystem modeling, health geography, and environment management.Sylvia SzaboSylvia Szabo is a research professor at Dongguk University, South Korea. Her recent research focuses on investigating human–environment interactions in climate change hotspots. She is a graduate of the University of Southampton, London School of Economics, and Sorbonne University.Indrajit PalIndrajit Pal is an assistant professor and Chair, Disaster Preparedness, Mitigation and Management, Asian Institute of Technology, Thailand. His areas of interest and research include disaster vulnerability and risk assessment, resilience, risk governance, systems approach, and sustainable development.Parmeshwar UdmaleParmeshwar Udmale is an assistant professor at the Centre for Technology Alternatives for Rural Areas (CTARA), Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Powai, Mumbai, India. His research interests include sustainable water, agriculture, and rural development – transdisciplinary research in the Indian context.Jack O’ConnorJack O'Connor is a researcher at United Nations University, Institute for Environment and Human Security (UNU-EHS). His research focuses on environmental vulnerability and ecosystem services in socioecological systems, with a particular interest in coastal and marine environments.Manas SanyalManas Sanyal is a professor at the Indian Institute of Engineering Science and Technology (IIEST), India. His research areas include environmental planning and alternative livelihood provisions.Souvanic RoySouvanic Roy is a professor at the Indian Institute of Engineering Science and Technology (IIEST), Shibpur, India. His research areas include climate change adaptation, socioecological resilience, and environmental planning in the fragile ecosystems of South and Southeast Asia.Zita SebesvariZita Sebesvari is Deputy Director at United Nations University, Institute for Environment and Human Security (UNU-EHS). Her research focuses on social–ecological risk assessments and on the role of ecosystems in disaster risk reduction and climate change adaptation with a focus on coastal regions.The authors are greatly thankful to anonymous reviewers for their insightful suggestions to improve this article. The authors acknowledge the UK Research and Innovation Global Challenges Research Fund (UKRI GCRF) Living Deltas Hub [reference number NE/S008926/1]. The authors also acknowledge respondents who provided information and the Purbasha Eco Helpline Society in providing field photographs from the Sundarbans in the aftermath of Cyclone Amphan. The authors declare no competing interests.
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